Power of the Oppressed in George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essay

Power of the Oppressed Exposed in Shooting an Elephant  Ã‚      In Burma, the Indian Imperial Police consisted of British officers who, in theory, supported the extension of power and dominion of a nation, which is the basis of imperialism. George Orwell decided to follow family tradition when he went to Burma to work for the Indian Imperial Police, yet "when he realized how much against their will the Burmese were ruled by the British, he felt increasingly ashamed of his role as an alien police officer" (Britannica). In his narrative, "Shooting An Elephant", George Orwell realizes that throughout his entire rule in Burma he is actually the victim of the Burmese, and it is their expectations of what he should do with his power that force him to do what they want. Looking back upon his experience as an officer of the imperialistic regime, Orwell recalls a crucial morning when he is asked to deal with an elephant that has escaped from its "mahout" or caretaker, and "has gone must" (310). On this day Orwell realizes that he is unable to make choices according to his own beliefs but must act according to the demands of the "natives" who have been deprived of their own country. Orwell acknowledges that "imperialism [is] an evil thing and the sooner [he] chucked up [his] job and got out of it the better" (310). He is constantly reminded of the abuse inflicted upon the native people as he observes at first hand the "wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages of the lock-ups, the gray, cowed faces of the long-term convicts, and the scarred buttocks of the men who had been flogged with bamboos" (310). Very prevalent is the anti-European sentiment among the "natives" of Burma; this prejudice nearly makes his job impossible. T... ..."natives" feel obliged to test the imperialists’ authority (or lack thereof) as a means of keeping some control over their country. The imperialists believe that they are keeping control by acting resolutely, but as Orwell shows in "Shooting An Elephant", they put on this act to satisfy and appease the wishes of the "natives." In imperialism, the oppressed indirectly hold the actual power and control over those that falsely believe to be the oppressors. Works Cited Orwell, George. Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1946. Rpt. The McGraw-Hill Reader: Issues across the Disciplines. 7th ed. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Smyer, Richard I. Primal Dream and Primal Crime : Orwell's Development as a Psychological Novelist, University of MissouriPress, Colombia 1979. http://www.britannica.com/

Musical is an art of arranging sounds Essay

Musical is an art of arranging sounds in a particular pattern to create a pleasant harmony to the ears of the listeners. Just like the industrial revolution took time to reach its present level, the two major forms of musical in America were realized after a long time of progressive development as (Riddle 2003) explains. American musical was firstly borrowed from the European States; the American musical pioneers built on it to develop theirs then later they completely detached from it came up with their own different style of presentation according to (Lubbock 1962). Musical comedy was the first of the only two advanced musical styles to be established in America. Then there followed the other which is the musical play and the two have been cherished widely in the twentieth and the twenty first centuries. There are several legend musicians who played a key role in making American musical what it is today and have been covered by history. The changes that were met in the twentieth century in musical varied from the cultural, content to the form of delivering the musical. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Music in America is an art that has a very long history in its development in form and content to the level it is now. The historians have established that it has taken hundreds of years to develop from its primitive form to the now sophisticated forms. (Lubbock1962) traces music in America way back in the year 1735. He argues that this introduced music did not originate from America itself but from England. From those years on up to 1960,s the initial way of treating musicals underwent great transformation and many people came into terms with music unlike in the past. As the year 1960 was dawning, Americans began to get enlightened about Musicals where they were in a position to define it and find out its relationship with art according to (Gann 2000). Through continued development of interest in learning what music was, the people also became able to relate it with culture. It is also worthy noting that the various phases through which the American music underwent included the transformation of the places of performance. The first pieces of music were only played in the urban centres but it slowly filtered into the rural as time went by. According to (Gann 2000), the music was taken from the urban to the rural setting in the year 1961 and from there onward it expanded and widely spread more into the interior like a bush fire. In 1980,s several individuals ventured into bettering the quality of the musical performed in the theatres which took the dimension created by the Americans more than that of Europeans. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT The culture of the people influences greatly the type of music they compose, the type of dance they use to accompany their songs and more so the kind of perception they have on the present generation music. American musical has had a lot of influence on the way the Americans perceive their abilities and identify their characters according to (Knapp 2005). In the same manner, the music the Americans borrowed from the Europeans took after the cultural practices of the natives of the country. Through the ages the American musicals saw a great transition in the way the Americans treated music in relation to their culture. It came a time when the stake holders in musicals began to present their cultures through the art of music especially holding cultural ceremonies where people got the opportunities to express their personalities as (Knapp 2005) confirms. The American musicians also were able to portray their culture through their manner of dressing during music play performances in the theatres. The twentieth century also was the year of making music as a source of earning personal living in addition to expressing the people’s beliefs and practices. (Crawford 2000) confirms that the art of music took the dimension of commercial activity during its development during the twentieth century and a rapid growth as a business the common exercise of the day. By watching a clip of the American produced musical, one was in a position to analyse the type of culture the performers upheld from the way the dressed, their make-ups, the food they eat and the dancing styles which were adopted during music development time. FORM DEVELOPMENT The form in which music first entered America is not the same style of music we play in America today. A great transition has occurred in the music industry in terms of the several classes of music which have hit in the country. Lubbock (1962) asserts that the first type of music to be played in America was Flora and this had its source from England. In this twenty first century, this kind of music can only be referred to as a legend and you may find that the current generation is not aware of the former existence of such kind of music. In the twentieth century, the American natives set out to develop their own style of music which indeed they did in two phases. The first phase was characterized by a lot of emulation of the pre-existing opera style of England which was later advanced. This first move by the upcoming American musicians constituted what was called the comedy music. The second phase of American musical development was the new form of music which was not derived from the European form. According to (Lubbock 1962) it was the Showboat which established the campaign towards developing American-produced music which came to be referred to as music play. Here the musicians could perform their own composed music in public. The music industry in the new form was since then continued by the other successors including Oklahoma and the others. Their establishments have since then not been out dated because music play and the prior styles are the only two ruling the American music industry.

Effects of Social Media on testing ability

As a society we are constantly connected to the world around us. The accurate definition Is explained best by Boyd and Allyson. 2007 â€Å"SONS or Social Networking System Is a web-based service that allows individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. This system or software is made up of all social networking sites some of which are Faceable, Mainstream, Twitter, Tumbler, Snatch, and the list goes on. It Is clear that we live In a world where we have access to any piece of information at any given time during the day. With this boom of technology It Is becoming harder and harder for us to disconnect from the world around us. There is very little chance to decompress have access by not only our computers, but also our phones now have APS that allows us to connect to social media at any giv en time of the day or night.The question is does this constant access of information and constant staying on social media affect our performance as students? Prospectus The Higher Education Research Institute in 2007 reported that ninety four percent of first year college students use social networking websites. In 2005 research by Macrobiotics and kepi revealed, â€Å"Eighty five percent of students at a large research university had accounts on Faceable, the most popular social networking site. † This leads us to the question does this way of revolving around social media impact our daily lives and the way we function?The National Sleep Foundation conducted a survey to reveal if there was a correlation between long hours of social media use and if it affected sleep habits along with performance levels. To be able to function properly one's sleep is Just as viable as the basic needs such as food and water. Before the big boom of technology humans lived much simpler lives. Fo r example, before the invention of computers, cellophanes, and even motor vehicles people had a more organic and natural way of life. Even the food they put into their bodies was untarnished by chemicals.Technology is intended to make one's life better; however like many things that are used in excess it becomes unhealthy. When these forms of social media affect our sleep cycle we maybe dealing with an addiction that must be managed. Lead researcher Diana Tamari of a recent Harvard study told the Los Angles Times, â€Å"l think the study helps to explain why people utilize social media websites so often. I think it helps explain why Twitter exists and why Faceable is so popular, because people enjoy sharing information about each other (Nature,2012). Diana Tamari was involved in a study conducted by Harvard University, which sought the answers to why social media was so addictive. The answer to their question turned out to be very a simple one. People are addicted to talking about their problems. They found in researching â€Å"That the act of disclosing information about oneself activates the same part of the brain that is associated with the sensation of pleasure, the same pleasure that we get from eating food or getting money (Nature, 2012). I say all of this to lead to the main point of our own research; social media is addictive. When social media becomes a problem and affects our basic needs such as sleeping patterns; the problem flows over into our daily lives. To simply state it our performance levels will decrease. In a study done by Christina J. Calamari, PhD, Thornton B. A. Mason, MD, PhD, MACE, Sarah J. Radcliff, PhD. , â€Å"Teenagers getting 8 to 10 hours of sleep on school nights tended to have 1. – to 2-fold lower multitasking indices compared with those getting less sleep.Thirty-three percent of the teenagers reported falling asleep during school. † Research is proving that social media is unhealthy. This problem did not escala te quickly overnight, but has been slowly evolving monster that has grown into a problem that must be dealt with. Kirsches and Sharkskin (2010, p. 1238) claim that â€Å"Students tend to participate in such website activities while doing their homework so that it may have negative effect on their academic achievements by interrupting them from the learning process.Therefore, between SONS usage and student academic performance shown at schools and universities. Many doctors, websites, self-help books, etc. Tell us that social media is a huge leader in sleep loss, however in Sleep Care's article on social media and sleep they write that they believe social media can cause individuals to get more, effective sleep. â€Å"Faceable has over 1 billion users worldwide while Twitter had over 500 million last year and is quickly growing every day'(Sleepwear, 2014).This goes without saying that a big chunk of the world is connected to one social media site or another. In order to be engaged in a social media site, one must â€Å"follow' or â€Å"like† another. They continue with, â€Å"Social media enables an individual to feel supported from individuals closely tied to their lives and from friends and family afar† (Sleepwear,2014). By connecting with people who share similar interests and opinions a person who actively utilizes social media finds oneself in an overall better state of mind.This relates directly to better sleep because having a peaceful mind when lying down to go to bed is essential in a good night's sleep. In 2010 media headlines read: minor Friends Can Make You Fat. Reading these headlines, researchers at US San Diego and Harvard studied the correlation between social networks, sleep patterns and drug usage, after much research and hours of examination they discovered, â€Å"The use of social networks by adolescents influences sleep patterns, sleep deprivation, and drug use† (Beers 2010). Why is the sleep cycle important?What occ urs during the sleep cycle that is so valuable to the human body? â€Å"Stage 1 is the beginning of the sleep cycle, and is a relatively light stage of sleep in which the brain produces high amplitude theta waves, which are very slow brain waves. Stage 2 is the second stage of sleep and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. The brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. This stage was previously divided into stages three and four. Deep, slow brain waves known as delta waves.Most dreaming occurs during the fourth stage of sleep, known as rapid eye movement (ERM) sleep† (Cherry, 2011) These stages of sleep are very valuable for the wellbeing of humans. These processes allow us to recuperate from the day and heal. The body can physically heal itself by resting. The same concept applies to the mind. Once the technology is finally set aside most young adults only receive approximately five hours of sleep per night. Sleep deprivatio n is the reason why in this day and age there are more mishaps and â€Å"slip-ups† than ever before.With the lack of sleep one's comprehension skills are severely lacking. When it is time to sleep individuals around the world grab their phones. Peg Fitzpatrick surveyed 1,000 online individuals thus finding, â€Å"Our Faceable and Twitter activities continue even after we've hit the hay, with forty-eight percent of respondents checking in on activity when they wake p in the middle of the night or as soon as they wake up in the morning (Fitzpatrick 2011). In her online blob, Peg Fitzpatrick asked many friends about how social media affects their sleeps habits.Sadly, many of her friends responded with low affects because they have -in few words?grown immune to social media. They check their social media sites every night in the same amount of time so their body is used to getting that same amount of sleep. Social media has affected these friend's sleep habits. They have been a part of the world of social media so long that their body has accepted it as a part of the daily routine. With easy access to sites responsibility to bedroom may result in sleep loss, delays in initiating sleep, daytime sleepiness and more,† says researcher Teresa Roar.Those who said they usually connected to friends online before getting into bed reported sleeping an average of â€Å"8 hours and 10 minutes a night compared with 9 hours and 2 minutes among those who never connected† (Thomson & Reuters 2014). Studies also show that sleep loss can lead to a variety of other problems such as: obesity, depression, high blood pressure, difficulty regulating emotions and lower grades. Kids who frequently viewed TV before bed were four times more likely to report waking up several times during the night than non-viewers, and frequent social networks were three times more likely to wake up a lot.Researchers reported in Sleep Medicine, † kids who regularly played video gam es or listened to music at bedtime had significantly more difficulty falling asleep† (Thomson & Reuters 2014). Another factor that also may play into the problem is when a device with access to social media is near the bedtime pillow, people tend to wake up throughout the night. Some tend to immediately return to leap but others may stay away for an hour or more in the middle of the night on social media before they return to sleep. This growing problem may seem insignificant, but over time this continual routine is unhealthy for the body.The life of a student, no matter what age, takes a toll on the body. Deadlines to meet, Jobs to do, activities to plan, activities to attend, homework to complete, grades to maintain, etc. The life of a student is often either all about freedom or all about grades. This is because as students we are learning what actions to take in order to have a balanced life. Sleep is one area that is often neglected by young adults because there is more o n the plate than ever before. The society of today is fast paced and demanding. In order to stay in control one must lose a few hours of sleep to stay ahead of the game.What is the accurate definition of sleep and rest? It is referred to as, â€Å"The period in which the basic metabolic rate decreases, soft tissue and muscles are relaxed and revalidated, and the brain is able to process things that have been learned during the day (Clifford, 2007). Harvard Women's Health Watch states, â€Å"There are six reasons for eating enough sleep, namely for improved learning and memory, maintenance of metabolism and weight, increased safety, enhanced mood, cardiovascular health and boosting up the immune system† (Fanned, 2013). With any choice comes an appropriate consequence.Depending on the choice the consequences could be positive or negative. When an individual decides to push off sleep for whatever reason negative consequences follow?sickness, a drop in school performance, a nega tive or poor attitude, and an exhausted body. In a 2009 study Tracker noticed that students experiencing sleep deprivation try to avoid more difficult tasks. Also, they often are not aware that the difficulties they are experiencing academically can be directly related to their poor sleep habits. This can often lead to frustration and depression due to the low-test scores they are receiving.This would explain the commonly heard comment, â€Å"l can't understand why I did so badly, I spent all the previous day studying† (Engle-Friedman, 2003; Filcher, 1997). In 2013 an experiment was put into action to identify the factors affecting quality of sleep, and assess the impact of low quality sleep on the daily activities of students. The Results of social Edie follow: â€Å"Non-users of social networking, such as Faceable, MANS, and Twitter, 0. 5-2 hours a day had the best sleep quality among the groups, but the result again cannot be taken into consideration due to the non-signif icant p value (p= 0. 42) ( Fanned, 2013). † Even though social media is relatively new, it has found itself into the daily lives of many young students. With most media distractions are not uncommon. People see social media as way to relax, but are blinded by the negative effects that it has on their health and even on their grades. A large-scale study by the Kaiser Family Foundation (Beers,2012) found that, â€Å"teens spent fifty three hours per week engaged with some form of electronic media. † That's more than seven hours per day. Most of the time spent was during the night when the volunteer is in bed.Research also shows that lack of sleep has been linked with mood swings during the day. Social media has a negative impact in that it influences friends in a network. It has also brought about a sleep disorders such as sleep testing. This is a recent development. The brain is hardwired to do what it is become adapted to. In this age brains are coming more and more ada pted to staying on computers and cellophanes all day long. This practice has drifted over into our sleeping habits. This is not only a distraction to the one who is doing it but also to the one who receives the text because the alert wakes them up in the middle of the night.The brain cannot function at maximum capacity when it is weary. This causes one who loses sleep to perform poorly on test and during their daily activities. In the research done by Dry. Rubin Had, social media effects on sleep are analyzed in the life of young students. Sleep is a vital necessity such as eating a proper diet, drinking plenty of eater, and exercising daily. Dry. Had also shows that poor quality sleep negatively affects a person's physical, psychological and emotional well being and leads to poor job performance.She goes on to further explain how sleep is like a cave you have to enter, this meaning that each human body has to prepare itself for the sleep cycle. A person must develop a routine to he lp their body to shut down and begin to recuperate. By adding light from computers or cellular devices the body is not able to properly shut down for the night. The light from laptops or cellular devices causes the brain to be confused. When the brain senses darkness it connects this with sleep so it makes the hormone melatonin. This hormone makes us sleepy.When a student is on a computer the brain is tricked by the light, believing that it is earlier than it usually is. Because of this it takes a student longer to merge into the ERM cycle. â€Å"The college student needs about eight hours of sleep. When a college student puts down their cellular device they can therefore get more sleep. † (Pipsqueaks, 2013). Method To conduct this study, participants will be recruited on the Blue Mountain College campus. Participants will be comprised of eighteen and older, male and female, rotational and nontraditional college students.We will recruit the participants by word of mouth, sign s posted around campus and the incentive of coffee and doughnuts. The participants will be required to sign a consent form to the study, answer demographic questions, take the short survey and not talk about the survey to friends. Upon request noted on the demographic form, participants can be emailed the surveys results, which will be the debrief section of the study. This study is designed to figure out if prolonged hours of social media use at nighttime will affect test scores the next morning.Total hours spent on social media will be test complied with demographic questions and five questions from the fifth grade level language arts section of the Mississippi Curriculum Test (MAC). Testing will take place in the student lounge between the hours of on varies days, to which we will take participants at any time during that block of time. Participants can score between O and 100 on the MAC section and that score will then be compared to the total amount of time they stated they spe nt on social media in the demographic section.We believe higher test scores will show a lower amount of nightly social Edie use and lower test scores will show a higher usage of social media. Results The survey we conducted involved sixty-two volunteers. Group A participants spent less than one hour on social media the night before and group B spent anywhere from an hour to over six hours. The purpose for our testing was to create a correlation between low comprehension skills and late hours spent on social media. Our hypothesis stated that students who spent more time on social media would make a lower grade than those who did not.Figure 1. 1 is a scatter plot to show the range of test scores from our 62 participants. Figure 1. 1 Figure 1. 2 The break down of hours spent on social media per individual is seen in figure 1. 2. Majority of hours that were spent on social media falls between less than an hour and two hours. For this reason we created two groups and compared their test scores to each other. The total hours grouped can be viewed in figure 1. 3. Out of the 62 participants 47% spent less than an hour on social media and 53% spent an hour or more on social media. Figure 1. The correlation of our survey shows our hypothesis to be false. The two-tailed P value equals 0. 1683, which is 16%. By conventional criteria, this difference is insider to be not statistically significant because it is not less than . 05 and thus not supporting our claim. The mean of Group One less than 1 hour minus Group Two greater than 1 hour equals 9. 67, 95% confidence interval of this difference: From -4. 20 to 23. 53. Participants who spent less time on social media approximately had the same average as those who spent more than two hours on social media.Figure 1. 4 below displays the statistical data from the study. Mean. 24 57. 58 SODS. 09 28. 97 SEEM 4. 66 5. 04 N 29 33 Figure 1. 4 Discussion The Age of Information is here and it is here to stay. As a result, our social m edia use is steadily on the rise. The purpose of the study was to see if prolonged usage of social media at night affects our comprehension skills the proceeding morning. This research is important because if people are aware of the effects that social media could have, they might reduce the amount of time they spend on different networks.Our hypothesis was, if a student spends two or more hours on social media before entering their sleep cycle it would negatively affect their test scores the following day. After conducting the experiment, our team found no correlation between hours spent n social media the night before and low comprehension skills. We found many factors in need of improvement throughout our experiment. If time allowed a pilot study would have been ideal to allow for us to discover things that we might fix before conducting the study.Also, we could have fine-tuned our data collection method and made sure we were selecting the proper statistical analyses. One of our initial plans was to incorporate the experimenters' GAP in order to determine if the student had a learning disability. However, when making out the test samples, we chose not to add a blank for the test takers to insert their GAP. Additional reading comprehension questions would have been helpful for us to determine if the student had any reading or learning disabilities. Also, incorporating a variety of questions could have better helped our results.The demographic portion of our test became a distraction for the test takers. The amount of demographic questions that was asked seemed to bombard the participants of the study. Fewer questions could possibly have been more helpful in this instance. In our attempt to mask our study we ended up causing our participants to rush through the numerous demographic questions. Another factor that hurt the results of our study was the number of participants who refrained from social media. Our data was skewed due to a low number of participants who spent less than one hour on a social media website.The location we chose to conduct the experiment could have been moved to an area better fitted for testing. Instead, we chose a central location in one of the buildings on campus. Many people came in and out of our testing room. This offered many distractions for our participants. The constant flow of traffic allowed the volunteers to be distracted. Having a quieter environment could have helped our test takers focus more. In our tests. The group's definition of social media was clearly explained. We spread the word about our experiment in a timely manner so that the majority of students on campus were made aware of our experiment.Also, we provided multiple days for students to come in so that testing did not interfere with their class schedules. We offered donuts and coffee, which were effective incentives for the students. Our experiment could be useful for other groups studying sleep by helping them better calculate the corr elation between social media use and sleep habits. For future studies we will need to develop a more effective way to study the effects of prolonged social media use on students so that we will have more accurate results.

jason essays

jason essays We alone can not go down and get close enough to explore the Titanic. We now have the technology to build robotic machines to explore the ocean floor like Jason or Jason Jr. They are smaller than a submarine, actually a lot smaller, almost like a remote control car. The Titanic sank in the north Atlantic in 1912. Jason Jr. is very handy, it can reach as deep as 4000 meters. The reason they do not have Jason Jr. any more is because it got lost in 1991 off the Galapagos Island and was found 9000 feet down in the water, so it was replaced by Jason. They use remote controls like Jason and Jason Jr. because divers can not get in as close as Jason can. There also is a risk of a diver getting caught on something or getting stuck in the Titanic. Someone could die if something went wrong so if they use underwater vehicles like Jason they are not taking a risk of someone dying, but they cost about one million dollars which requires they still be careful. Jason is a somewhat small vehicle with about four fans. Jason has two special headlights that could withstand underwater pressure to about 4000 meters and a video camera and also a small 35mm still camera. Jason Jr. gave the world the very first look at the Titanic so that we can see what they are looking at and where the are going. It has a 91-meter cord attached to it from Alvin. Alvin is a little submarine that fits one person and he is the controller of Jason. Titanic disaster was said to be one of the worst maritime disasters in history. The British luxury liner Titanic on its voyage from Liverpool to New York City struck an iceberg about 95 mi. south of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland just before midnight on April 14, 1912. Of the more than 2220 persons aboard about 1513 died including the American millionaires John Jacob Astor Benjamin Guggenheim, 1865-1912, and Isidor Straus. The ship was said to have been unsinkable because of its 16 watertight compartments but the ice ...

The Seismoscope Is One of the Great Chinese Inventions

The Seismoscope Is One of the Great Chinese Inventions There are few things more disconcerting than the sensation of the seemingly-solid Earth suddenly rolling and pitching beneath ones feet. As a result, humans have sought ways to measure or even predict earthquakes for thousands of years. Although we still cant accurately predict earthquakes, humans have come a long way in detecting, recording, and measuring seismic shocks. This process began nearly 2000 years ago, with the invention of the first seismoscope in China. The First Seismoscope In 132 CE, inventor, Imperial Historian, and Royal Astronomer Zhang Heng displayed his amazing earthquake-detection machine, or seismoscope, at the court of the Han Dynasty. Zhangs seismoscope was a giant bronze vessel, resembling a barrel almost 6 feet in diameter. Eight dragons snaked face-down along the outside of the barrel, marking the primary compass directions. In each dragons mouth was a small bronze ball. Beneath the dragons sat eight bronze toads, with their broad mouths gaping to receive the balls. We dont know exactly what the first seismoscope looked like. Descriptions from the time give us an idea about the size of the instrument and the mechanisms that made it work. Some sources also note that the outside of the seismoscopes body was beautifully engraved with mountains, birds, tortoises, and other animals, but the original source of this information is difficult to trace. The exact mechanism that caused a ball to drop in the event of an earthquake also is not known. One theory is that a thin stick was set loosely down the center of the barrel. An earthquake would cause the stick to topple over in the direction of the seismic shock, triggering one of the dragons to open its mouth and release the bronze ball. Another theory posits that a baton was suspended from the lid of the instrument as a free-swinging pendulum. When the pendulum swung widely enough to strike the side of the barrel, it would cause the closest dragon to release its ball. The sound of the ball striking the toads mouth would alert observers to the earthquake. This would give a rough indication of the earthquakes direction of origin, but it did not provide any information about the intensity of the tremors. Proof of Concept Zhangs wonderful machine was called houfeng didong yi, meaning an instrument for measuring the winds and the movements of the Earth. In earthquake-prone China, this was an important invention.   In one instance, just six years after the device was invented, a large quake estimated at a magnitude seven struck what is now Gansu Province. People in the Han Dynastys capital city of Luoyang, 1,000 miles away, did not feel the shock. However, the seismoscope alerted the emperors government to the fact that a quake had struck somewhere to the west. This is the first known instance of scientific equipment detecting an earthquake that had not been felt by humans in the area. The seismoscopes findings were confirmed several days later when messengers arrived in Luoyang to report a major earthquake in Gansu. ChineseSeismoscopes on the Silk Road? Chinese records indicate that other inventors and tinkerers in the court improved upon Zhang Hengs design for the seismoscope over the centuries that followed. The idea seems to have spread westward across Asia, probably carried along the Silk Road.   By the 13th century, a similar seismoscope was in use in Persia, although the historical record does not provide a clear link between the Chinese and Persian devices. It is possible that the great thinkers of Persia hit upon a similar idea independently.

Ethical considerations on intentional abortions research in United Paper

Ethical considerations on intentional abortions in United States - Research Paper Example   From a human female point of view, the research questions will be framed in a neutral way to avoid biased questions. Neutral questions will attract genuine answers. Moreover, the questionnaire will not require respondents to disclose their identities and this ensures confidentiality of the research. The reason is that women have different views on intentional abortion depending on the society they live in and their personal beliefs. The personal beliefs may be driven by their religious affiliations. For illustration, a Christian point of view towards life is that no one should kill as stipulated in Exodus 20:12. Other women’s view on intentional termination views it as necessary in order to safeguard them from painful experiences that pregnancy sometimes brings along, disruption of education and employment. Other considerations are lack of support from the father and other reasons such as an inability to provide for the existing children. The above reasons are some of the ethical issues that women advance to have an intentional abortion. The moral Question with regard to whether abortion is the only way of family planning intentional abortions then arises. The research will also endeavor to frame questions in a neutral manner to avoid pro-choice and pro-life bias. Prochoice movement holds the view that the woman should be left with the choice of choosing whether to terminate or to retain the pregnancy. Unsafe abortions result in severe consequences such as infertility, injury, infections, and even death.   

Western history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Western history - Essay Example Principia or The Mathematical Principles of Natural Knowledge is a book that was published by Isaac Newton in 1687. It contained a principle he formulated now known as the law of universal attraction or gravitation. The law simply states: â€Å"Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses.† 1. Condorcet and the future of humanity. Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician and philosophe, had three hopes: one, that all nations will be one day equal to each other; two, that there will be equality in each of the nations themselves, and; three, that mankind will be perfect. Condorcet’s basis for believing that one day, all these will happen is the fact that based on the historical past, men and states were set free and liberated from ignorance and superstition by the emergence of enlightened men who saw reason as their only master. 2. a) The painting implies that all people of all classes are influenced by the books of enlightenment because everyone included in the scene seem to be holding one or near one. The poor couple on the right lower portion, one sitting down on some really huge ones and the woman bending over to him with books strewn all over her feet. On the left side lower portion, a clergyman with a book tucked under an arm is talking to some men, perhaps about the book he is holding. A woman holding a book can be seen gaily conversing with a traveler resting in front of the bookstore and all over its facade are probably advertisements of books on sale in the bookstore. b) The clergy is obviously an important and authoritative figure in the community, even beyond the pulpit. Everything that he says, people listen and the fact that the clergy in the picture is holding a book implies that his exposure to the ideas in the book will most likely be communicated to the community which