Night World Secret Vampire Chapter 6 Free Essays

string(97) Phillip appeared to be one of those uncommon people who couldn’t be affected by mind control. James moved quick. He got the plastic tumbler on the bedside table and gave it to Poppy. She comprehended. We will compose a custom exposition test on Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 6 or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Feeling jubilant and awkward, she took a sound drink of water and licked her lips to wash any hints of blood away. â€Å"What are you doing?† Phillip rehashed, striding into the room. His eyes were fixed on James, which was acceptable, in light of the fact that Poppy was attempting to situate herself to shroud the side of her neck that James had nibbled. â€Å"None of your business,† she stated, and in a similar moment she realized it was a slip-up. Phillip, whose center name was Stability, was looking particularly temperamental this evening. Mother let him know, Poppy thought.†I mean, we aren’t busy, † she corrected. It didn’t help. Phil was unmistakably in a state of mind to consider everything to be the world as a danger to his sister. What's more, Poppy couldn’t truly accuse him-he’d strolled in for both of them in an unusual grasp on a crumpled emergency clinic bed. â€Å"James was consoling me since I was scared,† she said. She didn’t even attempt to clarify why James had been supporting her head to his arm. Yet, she looked at James’s arm secretly and saw that the injury there was at that point shut, the imprint blurring. â€Å"Everything’s okay, you know,† James stated, remaining to fix a hypnotizing silver look on Phillip. In any case, Phil barely gave him a look. He was gazing at Poppy. It’s not working, Poppy thought. Possibly Phil’s too frantic to be in any way spellbound. Or on the other hand excessively obstinate. She looked an inquiry at James, which he replied with a scarcely discernable shake of his head. He didn’t realize what the issue was, either. The two of them comprehended what it implied. James would need to leave. Poppy felt cheated and disappointed. All she needed was to chat with James, to delight in their new disclosure of one another and she couldn’t. Not with Phil here. â€Å"I drove Mom here. You know she doesn’t like driving around evening time. What's more, I brought this.† He swung her blast put away onto the bedside table. â€Å"And these.† He put a dark CD case adjacent to it. â€Å"All your most loved music.† Poppy felt her resentment depleting ceaselessly. â€Å"That was sweet,† she said. She was contacted, particularly since Phil hadn’t said â€Å"All your preferred strange music,† which was typically how he alluded to it. â€Å"Thank you.† Phil shrugged, shooting a scowl at James. Poor Phil, Poppy thought. Her sibling really looked tousled. What's more, his eyes were swollen. â€Å"Where’s Mom?† she was beginning to state, when her mom strolled in. â€Å"I’m back, sweetie,† her mom stated, with an entirely noteworthy lively grin. At that point she looked shocked. â€Å"James-it was decent of you to come.† â€Å"Yeah, yet he was simply leaving,† Phil said fundamentally. â€Å"I’ll show him the way out.† James didn’t squander vitality on a battle he couldn’t win. He went to Poppy and stated, â€Å"I’ll see you tomorrow.† There was a look in his dim eyes-dim, not silver now-that was only for her. A look that had never been there in all the years she’d known him. â€Å"Goodbye, James,† she said delicately. â€Å"And-thank you.† She realized he comprehended what she implied. It wasn’t until he was out the entryway, with Phillip behind him like a bouncer after a boisterous client, that an idea happened to her. James had said that she would be in harm's way in the event that she didn’t get enough of his blood. In any case, they’d gotten intruded on very quickly after that. Had Poppy gotten enough? What's more, what might occur on the off chance that she hadn’t? She herself had no clue, and there was no real way to ask James. Phil remained directly behind James such a distance out of the medical clinic. Not this evening, James thought. He just couldn’t manage Phillip North today around evening time. His understanding was gone, and his brain was involved in ascertaining whether Poppy had taken enough of his blood to be sheltered. He thought she had-however the sooner she got more, the better. â€Å"You’ll ‘see her tomorrow’-well, you’re not going to see her tomorrow,† Phil said suddenly as they strolled into the carport. â€Å"Phil, give me a break.† Instead, Phillip stepped before him and halted abruptly, driving James to stop, as well. Phillip was breathing rapidly, his green eyes consuming. â€Å"Okay, bud, † he said. â€Å"I don’t comprehend what you think you’re doing with Poppy-however it’s all over at this point. Starting now and into the foreseeable future you avoid her. Understand?† Dreams of breaking Phillip’s neck like another pencil moved in James’s head. In any case, Phil was Poppy’s sibling, and his green eyes were shockingly similar to hers. â€Å"I could never hurt Poppy,† he said tediously. â€Å"Give me a break. Are you going to remain there and reveal to me you don’t need to move in on her?† James couldn’t think of an answer right away. Recently he could have honestly said no, he didn’t need to move in on Poppy. Since it would have implied a capital punishment for him and Poppy both. It was just when Poppy had gotten her very own capital punishment that he’d permitted himself to take a gander at his sentiments. What's more, presently †¦ now he’d been near Poppy. He’d contacted her psyche, and had discovered that she was significantly more courageous and more chivalrous than he’d suspected; much increasingly merciful and progressively defenseless. He needed to be that near Poppy once more. He thought about her such that made his throat hurt. He had a place with Poppy. He additionally understood that that probably won't be sufficient. Sharing blood manufactured an amazing bond between two individuals. It would not be right of him to exploit that bond-or of Poppy’s appreciation to him. Until he was certain that Poppy’s mind was clear and her choices were her own, he should keep a little separation. It was the main noteworthy activity. â€Å"The last thing I need to do is harmed her,† he rehashed. â€Å"Why can’t you accept that?† He made a contemptible endeavor to catch Phil’s look as he said it. It fizzled, similarly as it had in the emergency clinic. Phillip appeared to be one of those uncommon people who couldn’t be affected by mind control. You read Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 6 in classification Exposition models â€Å"Why can’t I trust it? Since I know you. You and your-girlfriends.† Phil figured out how to make the word sound like a revile. â€Å"You experience six or seven per year-and when you’re through with them, you dump them like trash.† James was occupied quickly by delight, on the grounds that Phil was dead on. He required six lady friends a year. Following two months the bond between them turned out to be perilously solid. â€Å"Poppy’s not my better half and I’m not going to dump her,† he stated, satisfied at his own cunning. He’d stayed away from a by and large untruth Poppy wasn’t his young lady companion in any ordinary sense. They’d combined their spirits, that was all-they hadn’t discussed dating or anything. â€Å"So you are letting me know you’re not going to attempt to put the proceeds onward her. Is that it? Since you’d should be sure.† As he spoke, Phil did what was likely the most hazardous thing he’d ever done in his life. He got James by the front of the shirt. You inept human, James thought. He quickly co sidered breaking each bone in Phil’s hand. Or on the other hand picking Phil up and tossing him over the carport into somebody’s windshield. Or then again †¦ â€Å"You’re Poppy’s brother,† he said through histeeth. â€Å"So I’m going to allow you to let go.† Phil gazed into his face a second, at that point let go,looking somewhat shaken. Be that as it may, not shaken enough to stay silent. â€Å"You need to leave her alone,† he said. â€Å"You don’tunderstand. This ailment she’s got it’s genuine. She doesn’t need anything wrecking her life right now.She simply needs . . .† He halted and gulped. Out of nowhere James felt tired. He couldn’t fault Phil for being vexed Phil’s mind was loaded with completely clear pictures of Poppy kicking the bucket. Typically James got just broad pictures about what people were thinking, however Phillip was communicating so uproarious it almost stunned him. Misleading statements and avoidances hadn’t worked. It was the ideal opportunity for Outright Lies. Anything to fulfill Phil and get James away from this. â€Å"I realize that what Poppy has is serious,† he said. â€Å"I found an article about it on the Net. That’s why I was here, alright? I feel frustrated about her. I’m not keen on Poppy aside from as a companion, however it improves her vibe on the off chance that I imagine that I like her.† Phillip faltered, taking a gander at him hard and dubiously. At that point he shook his head gradually. â€Å"Being companions is a certain something, however it’s wrong to blend her up. At long last, imagining isn’t going to benefit her in any way. I don’t even think it improves her vibe now-she glanced truly awful in there.† â€Å"Bad?† â€Å"Pale and flimsy. You know Poppy; you know how she gets overexcited about things. You shouldn’t be messing around with her emotions.† He limited his eyes and stated, â€Å"So possibly you’d better avoid her for some time. Just to ensure she hasn’t misunderstood the idea.† â€Å"Whatever,† James said. He wasn’t truly tuning in. â€Å"Okay,† Phillip said. â€Å"We have an arrangement. However, I’m cautioning you, on the off chance that you break it, you’re in trouble.† James wasn�

Sales function for a company with foreign sales operation Assignment

Deals work for an organization with outside deals activity - Assignment Example For quite a while a few ladies felt that by utilizing tampon they will lose their virginity that drove them to lean toward cushions over tampon (James, &Anthony, 2004). The new forceful ads measures are a piece of high serious crusades to help enter the abroad market where strict and social issues end up being a hindrance. The hazard related with revealing a solitary item in worldwide market end up being too high subsequently it was obtained by PROCTOR and GAMBLE. Tambrands has become some portion of P&G which has wide promoting and dissemination capacities. P&G Company has extended over the ongoing years by obtaining items and showcasing the items all around. P&G had a decent market arrive at which incorporates even underdeveloped nations. P&G has consistently led the utilization new media both radio and TV as route publicizing, in continuation P&G has ventured up its web exercises in the web to advance their items and they have propelled a site that gives high school young ladies data about relationship and puberty(James, &Anthony,2004). In regions where the web isn't promptly accessible for example sub Saharan Africa an individual methodology has been applied by P&G. Working together with others like Always, P&G drives pledge drive for the assembled countries relationship for the battle of ‘protecting future’ .a program intended to improve the African young lady youngster

Apa module assignment Free Essays

Affiliation was established in 1929 by a gathering of therapists, anthropologist and research researchers. It is a strategy for designing and refering to the thought inside the archive which was initially utilized by another person in their article. As such, PAP Is the style of giving appropriate reference to an announcement, statement or thought of others that helps the peruser for speedy reference toward the finish of the paper. We will compose a custom paper test on Apa module task or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now It improves the authenticity and innovation of the author. PAP Tyler Is overall acknowledged type of composing papers, where In content reference and references toward the finish of the paper demonstrates the validity of the composition by Glenn appropriate affirmation to the first Idea of the essayist. In-content reference Is utilized when author Is utilizing somebody else’s considerations and statements. In-content references are vital regardless of whether somebody else’s musings which are as of now distributed are written In your own words. In-content references are Important, else Its considered as copyright infringement that way to take somebody else’s work and end up being yours own. In-content references can be given by following hardly any basic advances. There are distinctive software’s and even word archives that help for references. In my past task on school menaces I utilized the In-content references. Model: Goodman (2013) gives realities and discoveries in the article, Bullied Kids Often Develop Physical Symptoms, Study Says, about the kids harassed at school. As indicated by the exploration among 220,000 school matured children and 14 nations, it has been demonstrated that visit and startling physical sickness is moon in younger students when they are casualties of tormenting (Goodman (2013),Para. ). In the event that we need to remember any immediate statements for the archive, it ought to be refered to appropriately. Direct statements are unique expressions of the creator and should be recognized by in-content references. This should be possible by following basic advances. Direct statements ought to be remembered for reversed commas and should be in accurate words as referenced in the first source. Further it ought to have writers name and year the article was distributed. It’s a decent propensity on the off chance that we incorporate page number or Para number or reference. This is remembered for enclosure. At last at the finish of the paper Is the reference page which incorporated the detail of the in-content reference. Model: â€Å"The consequences of this examination recommend that any intermittent and unexplained physical side effect can be an admonition indication of bullying,† (Gigantic Gin, 2013, Para. 5). Pap module task By a sleeping disorder another person in their article. At the end of the day, PAP is the style of giving legitimate reference style is overall acknowledged type of composing papers, where in content reference and inclinations toward the finish of the paper demonstrates the validity of the composition by giving appropriate affirmation to the first thought of the author. In-content reference is utilized when author is utilizing somebody else’s musings and statements. In-content references are fundamental regardless of whether somebody else’s contemplations which are as of now distributed are written in your own words. In-content references are significant, else its considered as copyright infringement that basic in younger students when they are casualties of harassing (Goodman (Barbara. Is the reference page which incorporated the detail of the in-content reference. Model. Step by step instructions to refer to Apa module task, Papers

Atkinsons Case Free Essays

Case prerequisites Atkinson have been exchanging as a retail establishment on the Moor In Sheffield for more than 50 years. Two of the chiefs are companions of your folks. They have solicited you and a little gathering from your partners to look long and hard at an eye over the business and offer some Impartial guidance with respect to its future heading. We will compose a custom exposition test on Atkinsons Case or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now You were furnished with the freely accessible explanations of the gathering, information from FAME Is likewise accessible on the Internet through literates.. While going through the Meadowland Center you notice that there are some new units being created. Various organizations, for example, Deadbeats and Thornton have outlets In both Sheffield and Meadowland while others, for example, House of Fraser have moved out of the downtown area out and out. You have reached Meadowland Properties PL and have gotten a letter consequently which sets out the accessibility and expenses of renting another unit in the Meadowland Center. You have additionally procured data from Sheffield City Council containing segment and other data http:†www. Financial soundness. Co. UK/http:†www. Sheffield. Gob. UK/your-city-gathering/Sheffield-realities figures You are required to go to a gathering with the two executives to make an introduction (power point offices are accessible) on your discoveries. Evaluation weighting Learning results Weighting % 1 . Recognize subject aptitudes and information suitable to issue this is reflected In result 2. Evaluate troubles in obviously characterizing issue zones (Including investigation of position) 30 3. Apply and incorporate recently gained subject aptitudes results 2/4. Procure, order organist and assess Information In an appropriate configuration for the utilization of dynamic procedures 30 5. Convey proposed strategy and answer addresses 40 Meadowland Properties PL Sheffield Dear Sir Thank you for your ongoing enquiry concerning the renting costs for the units to be finished at the Meadowland Center in late 2008. To give you some thought of the size of the units, Deadbeats involves a site of 125,000 square feet. Leases will hurry to the December 2032 and will be sustainable at that date subject to exchange. All rents will be expanded every year in accordance with the adjustment in the retail value record barring contract installments. Size Annual lease Unit 1 125,000 square feet unit 2 60,000 square feet IEEE,OHO unit 3 40,000 square feet IEEE,OHO notwithstanding these rental expenses, there is an assistance charge payable to ourselves. Right now this is EH. 30 for every square foot per annum for the initial 25,000 square feet, a large portion of this rate for the following 25,000 square feet and a fourth of this rate for anything more than 50,000 square feet. This charge covers every single collective region, oversight of vehicle leaving and so on. Occupants are, obviously, answerable for the installment of business rates. We thank you for your advantage and anticipate got notification from you sooner rather than later. Yours dependably Alexander Goodyear (Customer Services Director) Step by step instructions to refer to Atkinsons Case, Papers

LinkedIns Overused Buzzwords for 2017 - Do You Really Need to Avoid Them

LinkedIns Overused Buzzwords for 2017 - Do You Really Need to Avoid Them LinkedIns 2017 Buzzwords Are Out! Even in the midst of big changes at LinkedIn, the company has stuck to its annual tradition of posting a list of overused buzzwords. As they say, they “want to help you start the year of right”â€"and one way to do that is by writing a LinkedIn profile that doesn’t sound like everyone else’s. LinkedIn has gotten a sense of humor this year! They provide some amusing examples of profiles from the likes of Queen Victoria, claiming to be a “reliable monarch with a proven track record in governing empires,” and Leonardo Da Vinci, a “detail oriented self-starter with experience in drawing.” Point made! Why Do We Use Buzzwords? LinkedIn did some additional delving into why people continue to use buzzwords when everyone else is using them. They identified four main factors: Ease of use and the effort required to be creative; the sense that if other people are using the buzzwords, those people and their words must be right; the desire to “fit in” to a group or industry; and a lack of confidence in conveying one’s own achievements. While these explanations have value, I have some other thoughts on LinkedIn’s list, which I will share in a moment. The List Following is this year’s list of words to avoid. But I say take LinkedIn’s admonishment to “avoid” them with a grain of salt. Maybe there’s a good reason a lot of people use these words. Maybe some of them are important and actually work! Let’s take a look: Specialized Leadership Passionate Strategic Experienced Focused Expert Certified Creative Excellent Here are my thoughts on the top five: Specialized. This word appears on the list for the first time ever. How interesting that a word meant to make someone stand out has the effect of sounding distinctly un-special. To avoid “specialized” or “specialize” in your profile, simply state what you do, and it will be clear to your audience that you specialize in whatever that is. Recruiters are only searching on the term “specialized” if they are looking for skills in specialized equipment or specialized programs. So banish the buzzword if you don’t have one of those specific skills. Leadership. This is a tough one. Isn’t leadership the thing that everyone is looking for? I can’t see stripping it out of every leader’s profile, especially because it appears in 10 of LinkedIn’s approved Skills. Don’t overuse the term, but don’t avoid it if it’s integral to what you do. Here are effective keywords that include the buzzword and that you should continue to include in your profile if they describe you: Passionate. Demonstrate your passion! Let us hear the excitement in your “voice.” Tell us stories of how you went after things you wanted and completed challenging projects with energy and enthusiasm. Saying you are passionate is a cop-out, as demonstrated by its move to 3rd place from 4th last year. Good writing will exude passion without relying on the term itself. Strategic. This is another tough one, since phrases that contain “strategic” comprise 10 actual core competencies/skills that recruiters search for on LinkedIn. Use the word sparingly, but I would not recommend eliminating it from your profile if it’s a keyword for your industry. Experienced. Okay, yeah, this is overused. I personally like to state the number of years of experience a client has in an industry to show a depth of, well, experience. But saying you have “12 years of experience” is different than claiming to be “experienced.” LinkedIn does have four Skills that include their self-identified buzzword. But if you’re defaulting to the adjective “Experienced” to describe yourself, look for other ways to convey how many years you’ve been doing what you do and how well you know your field. What do you think about the remaining five buzzwords, Focused, Expert, Certified, Creative, and Excellent? Don’t Overdo It! Whatever our opinions on any individual buzzword, the clear fact is that putting more than one buzzword in a sentence or phrase is not going to make you stand out. It doesn’t work to default to a string of these terms in an effort to sound good, and doing so will have the opposite effect. Leonardo Da Vinci’s fake headline above is a great example of the downside of overused terminology. But you are not going to avoid using all these buzzwords! My advice: Use them in moderation. Be aware. Do your best to find other alternatives. And if there are not alternatives, use the buzzwords, very carefully, with pride. Save Save

LinkedIns Overused Buzzwords for 2017 - Do You Really Need to Avoid Them

LinkedIns Overused Buzzwords for 2017 - Do You Really Need to Avoid Them LinkedIns 2017 Buzzwords Are Out! Even in the midst of big changes at LinkedIn, the company has stuck to its annual tradition of posting a list of overused buzzwords. As they say, they “want to help you start the year of right”â€"and one way to do that is by writing a LinkedIn profile that doesn’t sound like everyone else’s. LinkedIn has gotten a sense of humor this year! They provide some amusing examples of profiles from the likes of Queen Victoria, claiming to be a “reliable monarch with a proven track record in governing empires,” and Leonardo Da Vinci, a “detail oriented self-starter with experience in drawing.” Point made! Why Do We Use Buzzwords? LinkedIn did some additional delving into why people continue to use buzzwords when everyone else is using them. They identified four main factors: Ease of use and the effort required to be creative; the sense that if other people are using the buzzwords, those people and their words must be right; the desire to “fit in” to a group or industry; and a lack of confidence in conveying one’s own achievements. While these explanations have value, I have some other thoughts on LinkedIn’s list, which I will share in a moment. The List Following is this year’s list of words to avoid. But I say take LinkedIn’s admonishment to “avoid” them with a grain of salt. Maybe there’s a good reason a lot of people use these words. Maybe some of them are important and actually work! Let’s take a look: Specialized Leadership Passionate Strategic Experienced Focused Expert Certified Creative Excellent Here are my thoughts on the top five: Specialized. This word appears on the list for the first time ever. How interesting that a word meant to make someone stand out has the effect of sounding distinctly un-special. To avoid “specialized” or “specialize” in your profile, simply state what you do, and it will be clear to your audience that you specialize in whatever that is. Recruiters are only searching on the term “specialized” if they are looking for skills in specialized equipment or specialized programs. So banish the buzzword if you don’t have one of those specific skills. Leadership. This is a tough one. Isn’t leadership the thing that everyone is looking for? I can’t see stripping it out of every leader’s profile, especially because it appears in 10 of LinkedIn’s approved Skills. Don’t overuse the term, but don’t avoid it if it’s integral to what you do. Here are effective keywords that include the buzzword and that you should continue to include in your profile if they describe you: Passionate. Demonstrate your passion! Let us hear the excitement in your “voice.” Tell us stories of how you went after things you wanted and completed challenging projects with energy and enthusiasm. Saying you are passionate is a cop-out, as demonstrated by its move to 3rd place from 4th last year. Good writing will exude passion without relying on the term itself. Strategic. This is another tough one, since phrases that contain “strategic” comprise 10 actual core competencies/skills that recruiters search for on LinkedIn. Use the word sparingly, but I would not recommend eliminating it from your profile if it’s a keyword for your industry. Experienced. Okay, yeah, this is overused. I personally like to state the number of years of experience a client has in an industry to show a depth of, well, experience. But saying you have “12 years of experience” is different than claiming to be “experienced.” LinkedIn does have four Skills that include their self-identified buzzword. But if you’re defaulting to the adjective “Experienced” to describe yourself, look for other ways to convey how many years you’ve been doing what you do and how well you know your field. What do you think about the remaining five buzzwords, Focused, Expert, Certified, Creative, and Excellent? Don’t Overdo It! Whatever our opinions on any individual buzzword, the clear fact is that putting more than one buzzword in a sentence or phrase is not going to make you stand out. It doesn’t work to default to a string of these terms in an effort to sound good, and doing so will have the opposite effect. Leonardo Da Vinci’s fake headline above is a great example of the downside of overused terminology. But you are not going to avoid using all these buzzwords! My advice: Use them in moderation. Be aware. Do your best to find other alternatives. And if there are not alternatives, use the buzzwords, very carefully, with pride. Save Save

Literary Criticism Narration About Sonnys Blue - 275 Words

Literary Criticism Narration About Sonny's Blue (Essay Sample) Content: CRITICAL RESPONSE TO SONNYS BLUESInstitutionNameTutorDate Music, Culture and drugs have interacted together in several conflict heights and harmony throughout the modern day music. It affects the creators as well as the patrons. Sonnys Blues, a work by James Baldwin, is a portrayal of this cultural relations triangle that has affected at least three America Culture generations. Sonny, the pathless storys protagonist, finds music as his only way of escaping the societys black American brutal subjugation in the 1950s. The brother to Sonny makes a claim, warning Sonny against abusing drugs while referring to drugs Sonny uses in his musical escapes when playing at nightclubs in Greenwich Village as a pianist. In the story, the brother to Sonny makes an inaccurate assumption that Sonny wishes to die; in reality, however, Sonny is merely trying to escape the oppression from the society. While living with his brother's family, Sonny talks with them in the afternoon, during the night, he talks to his brother alone. Sonny talks about using Heroin. The commentary prior had explained about feeling in control after using drugs when analyzing the singing quartet on the struggles they endured enabling them sing. He refers to the passion and pain in their voices. This assisted in illustrating the conflict during that time. American culture was built around the discrimination and limitation of the black Americans to the inner-city culture. The protagonist, Sonny, was abusing heroin to allow him to feel as if he was in control of what was taking place around him. In reality, however, he was not in any control what so ever. At the time, his ability or path to escape the wretched inner-city life had been blocked by the American culture. When individuals are not given control over their comprehended destiny, they tend to do something that will give them the false feeling of being in control, whether it would be induced through narcotics or real. Sonny and his sib ling had a long talk where they discussed their lives and what they had gone through. The talk brings them to the topic of enduring from economic stress and oppression. They talk about how to deal with and absorb the suffering. The brother to Sonny questions the ability of not suffering in their lives, making Sonny to response, I believe notbut thats never stopped anyone from tryinghas it? This clearly exhibits the stance Sonny has taken on the issue of escaping the oppression from the society on the black American Culture. Sonny mixed drugs and music to create an actual pleasure feeling. It also made him feel that he was doing something despite the brutal limits directed on his culture and life. When all the normal routes and options of achieving this feeling are wiped away or blocked, some people only see certain directions to move towards so as to escape. The route for Sonny, to achieve this feeling of ecstasy was the drugs that encircled music and music. When a culture is enti rely interrupted from getting to social levels in the society it belongs to or even receiving similar respect as the rest of the society, people of the oppressed culture still need the feeling of belonging to something greater than what they are actually being treated like. Sonny explains this very vividly showing the role of drugs as the catalyst of this feeling; When I was most out of the world, I felt that I was in it, that I was with it, really, and I could play or didnt have to play, it just came out of me, it was there. Sonny was only abusing heroin and performing music in order to escape his life of oppression by society. The brother to Sonny escaped the oppression by recruiting in the Army and earned an education allowing him to teach in his home neighborhood of Harlem. The only route Sonny could find was music. The drugs was just a tool Sonny used to feel in control of his situations. In actual sense, it was an excuse that allowed him to be numb to the actual feelings of op pression and brut...

The Real History Behind Rome Julius Caesar Essay - 815 Words

Rome, the subject of this report is Rome. The (completely wacko made-up) legend says that Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of Mars, the god of war. Supposedly some king tossed them into a basket, chucked them into the Tiber River, and left them to die a good old-fashioned baby-river-drowning-death. Apparently this never happened because they were rescued by a she-wolf and raised as one of her own. Eventually Romulus and Remus decided to ice that king and overthrow the kingdom that the king kinged. Then Romulus killed Remus, named the kingdom Rome, and they lived happily ever after. As engaging as the legend is, the real history behind Rome is much more boring. Stick around, folks. Rome started off as yet another†¦show more content†¦Not only did Rome innovate the aqueduct, but also the use of concrete! Rome’s special use of concrete enabled them to build structures that still stand today. Roman concrete was mixed to withstand chemical erosion, allowing it to withstand the water used for those pansy fountains and baths. Of course the concrete was also used for large fancy buildings such as the pantheon and coliseums etcetera, etcetera. Roman architecture is another innovation that unfortunately fell into the pit of shamelessly copied/influenced modern architecture. With all the news of architecture and the inevitable amounts of war and corruption among society, it’s only natural that Rome innovates the newspaper. The newspaper became an integral part of Roman society, because they had a lot going on, apparently. They mostly just used the papers to report on invasions and politicians for the public to be reminded how boring their pathetic Roman lives are. It is unfortunate that Rome didn’t innovate cooler stuff, but I digress. Since Rome is incredibly boring to write about, what better way to continue this report than with politics? Politics aren’t a particularly sexy subject, but the Romans were into it, of course. The Roman political system may seem complex, but a closer look reveals that, yes, it is exactly as we feared. They usedShow MoreRelatedClaudius’s Decision to Invade Britain in AD43 as Motivated by a Desire to Emulate Julius Caesar1501 Words   |  7 PagesClaudius’s Decision to Invade Britain in AD43 as Motivated by a Desire to Emulate Julius Caesar There are many arguments as to why Claudius invaded Britain in AD43. One of his motives may have been to gain a quick military triumph, which is one argument that Suetonius wrote in his book ‘The Twelve Caesars’. He had said, â€Å"Britain was the country where a real triumph could most readily be earned†. 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Although the class had surprised me and intrigued me, I still was still fascinated and oblivious to Roman history. Therefore I chose Pompey, a famous general and great rival of the legendary Caesar. Other than these two statements, I had not known any background information on Pompey. My only real primary source, Plutarch, was

Comparing and Contrasting Machiavellis Ideas on Power...

Question: Two Word Count: 1000 Karl Marx and Niccolo Machiavelli are interested in two completely different forms of government. Yet both philosophers share many of the same key terms. They both understand the power and importance of deceit, and how it is gained. They also are equally opinionated when it comes to the subject of property and money. This essay will seek to explain, compare, and contrast Machiavelli’s ideas on power with Karl Marx’s ideas on Money. Marx believes that money has a misused transformative power in Bourgeois society, one which he argues, that we are currently subjected to. He claims that, â€Å"Money is the pimp between man’s need and the object, between his life and his means of life. But that which†¦show more content†¦Niccolo Machiavelli knows the importance of deceit to the ruling class too. Machiavelli says â€Å"It is not essential, then, that a Prince should have all the good qualities which I have enumerated above, but it is most essential that h e should seem to have them,† (page 46 The Prince) because â€Å"men in general judge rather by the eye than the hand.† (page 47 The Prince) To Marx, money allows this type of transformative deception; however, to Machiavelli this ability seems to be more of a character trait. Machiavelli says this can be achieved by appearing to be the â€Å"embodiment of mercy, good faith, integrity, humanity, and religion.† (page 47 The Prince) The first four characteristics, he says are the least important when compared to the last. Appearing religious is achievable by being complacent to the Catholic Church and wearing the â€Å"cloak of religion†, according to Machiavelli. This â€Å"cloak of religion† allows â€Å"pious cruelty†, and with his cloak a prince appears justified in his actions, no matter how cruel. (page 59 The Prince). Marx also knows the power of religion to quell the lower class, as the clichà © goes, â€Å"Religion is the opium of th e people.† (Lecture Notes 3/6/13) Religion keeps the poor pacified because they are living for a better afterlife. They are also willing to blindly follow

The Analysis of Short Story Mabel by William Somerset...

The story under consideration entitled Mabel was written by William Somerset Maugham. William Somerset Maugham is one of the best known English writers of the 20th century. He was not only a novelist but also one of the most successful dramatists and short-story writers. Maugham travelled widely to all parts of the world. He visited Russia, America, Africa, Asia. The technique of short-story writing always interested Maugham. De Maupassant and Chekhov influenced him but he adopted his own unique technique, which is characterized by realistic and psychological presentation of the events. The story in question â€Å"Mabel† develops the following plot. The author recalls the story of a man whose name was George whom he once met on his way to†¦show more content†¦The difficulties are shown like a sketch: â€Å"Mabel’s father died, the war came, George was sent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here the author uses parallel constructions accompanied by asyndeton in order to add more tempo and tension. The second structural element, complications, involves the two conflicts the story obtains. The first conflict is called man against man. Seven years later Mabel wanted to marry George and George didn’t want to marry Mabel. And the inner conflict, which George obtained is called obligation against desire. The complications are marked by the convergence of stylistic means to show the inner state of the main character. The author resorts to the semantic field of despair: â€Å"his nerve failed him†, â€Å"he felt a terrible sinking in the pit of his stomach†, George’s â€Å"knees began to wobble† and he â€Å"was seized with the courage of despair†. To underline that George was afraid to marry Mabel but it was important for the society the author uses synonyms: â€Å"then, suddenly, without warning†; juxtaposed repetition: â€Å"he couldn’t, he really couldn’t marry her†; a rhetorical question â€Å"But how could a man tell a girl a thing like that when she had been engaged to him for seven years and had come six thousand miles to marry him?†. The author employs all these stylistic means to emphasize the idea that George should be responsible for his words but he isn’t. To show that George wanted to escape the author deals with an oxymoron:

Heroes Are Not A Hero - 992 Words

Heroes are not just fictional characters with superhuman powers. Most people think that the only heroes are people that have superpowers and a cool outfit. In fact, whenever anyone pictures a hero, they don’t normally picture an unattractive person saving people. Instead, they picture a buff, handsome hero saving everyone and having adoring fans. However, this belief is incorrect because heroes are not just superhumans. Heroes take on challenges with determination and are ordinary people putting the needs of others before their own needs, even if they are not defending the popular belief. Heroes take on challenges with determination. They don’t just give up at the first sign of difficulty or hardship. Instead, they push ahead no matter what. â€Å"The rehabilitation was rigorous, and I pushed it†¦ There were many guys who had given up on life.† (Soldier Home After Losing His Leg in Afghanistan by Gale Fiege). The man in this quote had lost his leg while serving his country. As stated in the quote, many people with his condition gave up on life because it seemed too challenging to ever become better and overcome the injury. However, heroes take challenges in stride and do their best to overcome them, just as this man did his best to overcome his lost leg. Another example would be Abraham Lincoln, who died after pushing through the difficulties and hardships of war to piece the union back together. He didn’t stop because he believed the cause to be worth fighting for and overcoming,Show MoreRelatedThe Heroes Of A Hero1021 Words   |  5 Pages The Heroes of Fearless A hero can be many different types of people and have many different qualities. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines a hero as a person admired for achievements and noble qualities. Tom Hanks said â€Å"A hero is somebody who voluntarily walks into the unknown†. Heroes are strong and courageous, but they can also be quite and work behind the scenes. Eleanor Roosevelt once said â€Å"We do not have to become heroes overnight. Just a step at a time, meeting each thing that comes upRead MoreThe Heroes Of A Hero1082 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Reeve once said, â€Å"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles.† In today’s society, what describes a hero is different to each person you ask. In my opinion, there are three different heroes today. There are the heroes you read about in books and watch in movies such as The Avengers and X-Men, and there are the everyday heroes such as doctors, police, and soldiers. There are also tragic heroes. Shakespeare is famous forRead MoreThe Heroes Of A Hero1254 Words   |  6 Pagesup in the morning and decide to become a hero; but perhaps it is possible to wake up and say to yourself that you will become a terrorist or a criminal. Heroes are made of circumstances beyond their control. Those people who rush in to help victims after a fiery car crash or after something like the Boston bombings truly are heroes. Heroics that are played out after an act of violence are actions that do not allow for planning (Eagly, 2013). These heroes are usually humble and underplay their roleRead MoreThe Heroes Of A Hero2033 Words   |  9 PagesTo have a set of skills and qualities to become hero, bravery is genuinely one of the biggest traits one must have to be a hero. Heroic tales usually contains violence in the story. In most heroic novels, books, and poems that feature a main character with a hero’s complex, the source of their power is derived from their heroism undermines their ability to reason. 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And whether they succeed or fail really doesn’t matter - i t’s the trying that counts.† Sorkin states that heroes are those that attempt to reach their goal, not necessarily those that succeed. Heroes will proceed to try, no matter who or what is preventing them from reaching a goal. Sorkin is also discussing people attempting to reach a â€Å"virtuous ideal†, which is often obtained for others. A hero is one who solvesRead MoreEpic Heroes : The Ideal Hero873 Words   |  4 Pageshistory, epic heroes have defined the ideal characteristics of a society. Beowulf and Aenus are perfect examples of the ideal hero created from the mind of a creator, for the purpose of defining a society. Most epic heroes share certain character traits such as bravery, courage, determination, hubris or intelligence. It has been noted that sometimes epic heroes appear to simply be lucky or helped along by the gods and rely less on their own abilities. However, there are some heroes who are helpedRead MoreBeowulf Is The Hero Of All Heroes958 Wor ds   |  4 Pages I m writing about ancient heroes and whether or not they can be heroes at the present day time.im going to tell you about their pros as in good things about them and their cons as in bad things. I will also choose one modern day hero to come pare my ancient hero to and tell you where he from either a movie or a comic book. Beowulf is my ancient hero. I chose Beowulf because of all the qualities he has. Beowulf is the hero of all heroes’ he is strong, and courageous. He would risk hisRead MoreHomeric Heroes : The Heroic Hero1249 Words   |  5 Pagestemperance, battle is the most important aspect of Homeric Heroes. It is on a battlefield that heroes gain glory for fighting, prizes for their accomplishments, and honor for their actions. However, hero he may be, Achilles â€Å"was not to be seen in council, that arena for glory, nor in battle† (Book 1, 518-519). He was â€Å"throwing his heroism away† by not taking part in the event that made people heroes. Prior to this, Achilles was a well-recognized hero. Goddesses said â€Å"when godlike Achilles used to enterRead MoreThe Tragic Heroes Of A Tragic Hero1955 Words   |  8 Pagesreason for this is because almost all of the spectators can relate to the protagonist due to the fact that the protagonists of these tragedies are tragic heroes. These tragic heroes have qualities that render them both tragic and heroic, and they display five key characteristics according to Aristotle’s definition. The criteria of a tragic hero is that they must suffer throughout the play, have a tragic flaw, eventually recognize their tragic flaw and take responsibility for their actions, be neither

STS401 Mod 5 TD Example

Essays on STS401 Mod 5 TD Coursework Statistics in the business world I have learned numerous statistical factors which shall all be beneficial to me in life in one way or the other. I cannot say for a fact that there are some of them which I regret learning or which was a waste of my time and memory space. They are all key tools that can be applied at some place at some time.In the business world specifically, the tools that shall be most beneficial to me are measures of central tendency and spread, hypothesis testing, simple and multiple regression. These I shall apply in dealing with the facts and figures that pose a challenge in the business world every day. I shall apply the measures of central tendency to get to compare figures between months and even years; I shall use hypothesis testing to determine whether my set targets were achieved at the end of the day; I shall use simple and multiple regression to determine whether or not certain variables are related to each other or not.There are some tools which I shall not quite make use of in the business world. These are the data types, frequency tables and probability. It would not benefit me much in business to get to know whether data is a Boolean or an integer. Likewise, I would not wish to know how certain frequencies come out from the data I have in the business world. I would also not need to make use of probability in business as I would want to be sure of what I am doing and hence I would base my projections on past data analysis and not on probability analysis. ReferencesKaul, C., Tomaselli-Moschovitis, V. (1999). Statistical handbook on poverty in the developing world. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.

Nuclear Winter Model Made by N.Moiseev free essay sample

In a world where thousands of nuclear weapons exist and more countries are trying to acquire them, where suicide terrorist strikes come without warning and thousands die each day from poverty caused by the way the international system operates, we need to know about and understand international relations. This is what makes international relations an interesting and a very important subject to study. The field of international relations is more than a list of facts and theories about international cooperation and conflict; it is a way of understanding world affairs. There are different methods of researching international relations. All of them are unique, because we study the relations between nations. One of the most popular method international relations research is modeling. In my opinion, this method has many advantages which help us to understand and to study international relations. When we make a model, we can predict the future situation in relations between different states, we can try to prevent a war, we can show nations with conflicting interests how to survive in a modern world. N. N. Moiseev is a prominent Russian scientist in the field of environmental protection as well an education. He developed the model of Nuclear Winter, which forced nuclear States to stop nuclear tests and the use of nuclear weapons in order to save the biosphere. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and his aim was to protect future generations from nuclear war, which will lead to the death of all people in the world. Nikita Nikolaevich Moiseev (23 August 1917 – 29 February 2000) Academician Nikita N. Moiseev an outstanding scientist, known for his fundamental work in the field of applied mathematics. His works are devoted to the mechanics and fluid dynamics, numerical methods in optimal control theory, the theory of hierarchical systems, simulation, design automation, interdisciplinary studies of environmental problems. Nikita N. Moiseev was born August 23, 1917 in Moscow in a family of Russian intellectuals. His father Nikolai S. Moiseyev, assistant professor at Moscow University, was arrested and died in Butyrskaya in the early 30s. Mother the adopted daughter of Nikolai Karlovich von Meck (shot in 1929), whose mother has provided for its time financial support to the great Russian composer PI Tchaikovsky. Because of the origin of the path of Moiseev in science was not easy. Although he passed the entrance exams, MSU did not accept him because of noble origin, and data of the repressed father. After passing some exams externally, Moiseyev graduated yet Faculty of Mechanics, Moscow State University in 1941. In the same year he was drafted into the army and sent to study at the Air Force Academy. NE Zhukovsky. At the end of which in 1942 received an engineering degree, Moiseev was sent to the Volkhov front senior technician on aircraft maintenance. In the air units he served until 1948, when he was demobilized with the rank of captain. Since 1948 Nikita Nikolaevich has taught in the Moscow Higher Technical School im. NE Bauman at the Faculty of aircraft armament. Simultaneously, he worked at SRI-2 Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR, which solved the problems of calculation of dispersion and processing the results of bench testing rockets. Later, Moiseev worked at the Computing Center of USSR head of the department of computational methods in hydrodynamics and simultaneously taught at the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute. In 1955 he was appointed dean of the Faculty Aeromehanicheskogo MIPT. And after 10 years, organized in MIPT Department of Management and Applied Mathematics, and was its first dean. All this time, Nikita Nikolaevich continues to actively engage in scientific research. Academician Nikita N. Moiseev brought his calculations of nuclear winter. In 1983, the famous American astronomer Carl Sagan published a number of scenarios of a possible nuclear war, caused by a nuclear exchange with a capacity of thousands of megatons. They advanced the hypothesis of nuclear nights, which will inevitably attack after grand fires and wrapping the worlds veil of soot and the nuclear winter, which comes as the planets surface would be inaccessible to sunlight and begin to cool rapidly. The staff of Moiseev in the Computing Center of the USSR possessed a system of models, sufficient for the numerical estimates, and computer system BESM-6. The Americans then were able to analyze the possible dynamics of atmospheric changes only for the first month after a nuclear exchange, and collective EC USSR was able to give the picture a year. Made calculations fully confirmed the validity of the hypothesis C. Sagan. [1] These results have provided such an impression on the politicians that gave impetus to a process of nuclear disarmament. And Nikita Nikolaevich himself in the last years of his life engaged in the development of philosophical and methodological problems in the relationship of nature and society, emphasizing the idea of human responsibility for the fate of the planet. Nuclear winter Nuclear winter is a term that describes the climatic effects of nuclear war. In the 1980s, work conducted jointly by Western and Soviet scientists showed that for a full-scale nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union the climatic consequences, and indirect effects of the collapse of society, would be so severe that the ensuing nuclear winter would produce famine for billions of people far from the target zones. There are several wrong impressions that people have about nuclear winter. One is that there was a flaw in the theory and that the large climatic effects were disproven. Another is that the problem, even if it existed, has been solved by the end of the nuclear arms race. But these are both wrong. Furthermore, new nuclear states threaten global climate change even with arsenals that are much less than 1% of the current global arsenal. How Does Nuclear Winter Work? A nuclear explosion is like bringing a piece of the Sun to the Earths surface for a fraction of a second. Like a giant match, it causes cities and industrial areas to burn. Megacities have developed in India and Pakistan and other developing countries, providing tremendous amounts of fuel for potential fires. The direct effects of the nuclear weapons, blast, radioactivity, fires, and extensive pollution, would kill millions of people, but only those near the targets. However, the fires would have another effect. The massive amounts of dark smoke from the fires would be lofted into the upper troposphere, 10-15 kilometers (6-9 miles) above the Earths surface, and then absorption of sunlight would further heat the smoke, lifting it into the stratosphere, a layer where the smoke would persist for years, with no rain to wash it out. The climatic effects of smoke from fires started by nuclear war depend on the amount of smoke. Our new calculations show that for 50 nuclear weapons dropped on two countries, on the targets that would produce the maximum amount of smoke, about 5 megatons (Tg) of black smoke would be produced, accounting for the amount emitted from the fires and the amount immediately washed out in rain. As the smoke is lofted into the stratosphere, it would be transported around the world by the prevailing winds. We also did calculations for two scenarios of war between the two superpowers who still maintain large nuclear arsenals, the United States and Russia. In one scenario, 50 Tg of black smoke would be produced and in another, 150 Tg of black smoke would be produced. How many nuclear weapons would be required to produce this much smoke? It depends on the targets, but there are enough weapons in the current arsenals to produce either amount. In fact, there are only so many targets. Once they are all hit by weapons, additional weapons would not produce much more smoke at all. 2] Even after the current nuclear weapons reduction treaty between these superpowers is played out in 2012, with each having about 2,000 weapons, 150 Tg of smoke could still be produced. Analogs Support the Theory Nuclear winter is a theory based on computer model calculations. Normally, scientists test theories by doing experiments, but we never want to do this experiment in the real world. Thus we look for analogs t hat can inform us of parts of the theory. And there are many such analogs that convince us that the theory is correct: Cities burning. Unfortunately, we have several examples of cities burning, firestorms created by the intense release of energy, and smoke being pumped into the upper atmosphere. These include San Francisco as a result of the earthquake in 1906, and cities bombed in World War II, including Tokyo, Dresden, Hamburg, Darmstadt, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki. The seasonal cycle. In the winter, the climate is cooler, because the days are shorter and sunlight is less intense. Again, this helps us quantify the effects of reduction of solar radiation. The diurnal cycle. At night the Sun sets and it gets cold at the surface. If the Sun did not rise tomorrow, we already have an intuitive feel for how much cooling would take place and how fast it would cool. Volcanic eruptions. Explosive volcanic eruptions, such as those of Tambora in 1815, Krakatau in 1883 and Pinatubo in 1991, provide several lessons. The resulting sulfate aerosol cloud in the stratosphere is transported around the world by winds, thus supporting the results from the animations above. The surface temperature plummets after each large eruption, in proportion to the thickness of the stratospheric cloud. In fact 1816, following Tambora, is known as the Year Without a Summer, with global cooling and famine. Following the Pinatubo eruption, global precipitation, river flow, and soil moisture all reduced, since cooling the planet by blocking sunlight has a strong effect on reducing evaporation and weakening the hydrologic cycle. This is also what the nuclear winter simulations show. [3] Forest fires. Smoke from large forest fires sometimes is injected into the lower stratosphere. And the smoke is transported around the world, also producing cooling under the smoke. Dust storms on Mars. Occasionally, dust storms start in one region of Mars, but the dust is heated by the Sun, lofted into the upper atmosphere, and transported around the planet to completely enshroud it in a dust blanket. This process takes a couple weeks, just like our computer simulations for the nuclear winter smoke. Extinction of the dinosaurs. 65,000,000 years ago an asteroid or comet smashed into the Earth in southern Mexico. The resulting dust cloud, mixed with smoke from fires, blocked out the Sun, killing the dinosaurs, and starting the age of mammals. This Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinction may have been exacerbated by massive volcanism in India at the same time. This teaches us that large amounts of aerosols in Earths atmosphere have caused massive climate change and extinction of species. The difference with nuclear winter is that the K-T extinction could not have been prevented. Policy Implications The work on nuclear winter in the 1980s, and the realization that both direct and indirect effects of nuclear war would be a global catastrophe, led to the end of arms race and the end of the Cold War. In response to the comment In the 1980s, you warned about the unprecedented dangers of nuclear weapons and took very daring steps to reverse the arms race, in an interview in 2000, Mikhail Gorbachev said Models made by Russian and American scientists showed that a nuclear war would result in a nuclear winter that would be extremely destructive to all life on Earth; the knowledge of that was a great stimulus to us, to people of honor and morality, to act in that situation. [4] Since the 1980s, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has decreased to 1/3 of the peak number of more than 70,000. The consequences of regional-scale nuclear conflicts are unexpectedly large, with the potential to become global catastrophes. The combination of nuclear proliferation, political instability, and urban demographics may constitute one of the greatest dangers to the stability of society since the dawn of humans. The current and projected American and Russian nuclear arsenals can still produce nuclear winter. [5] Only nuclear disarmament will prevent the possibility of a nuclear environmental catastrophe. Summary All in all, we need to say that the model of Nuclear Winter made by N. N. Moiseev was extremily important for all people in the world. Especially, it was important for politicians who understood that they should stop arms race, otherwise the world can stop exist. According to the latest nuclear winter researches, which were published in 2007 and 2008, we can say several things about this topic. Now we know that even a minor nuclear war (such as between India and Pakistan or in the Middle East), with each country using 50 Hiroshima-sized atom bombs as airbursts on urban areas, could produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history. This is only 0. 3% of the explosive power of the current global arsenal. This same scenario would produce global ozone depletion, because the heating of the stratosphere would enhance the chemical reactions that destroy ozone. A nuclear war between the United States and Russia today could produce nuclear winter, with temperatures plunging below freezing in the summer in major agricultural regions, threatening the fo od supply for most of the planet. The climatic effects of the smoke from burning cities and industrial areas would last for several years, much longer than we previously thought. New climate model simulations, that have the capability of including the entire atmosphere and oceans, show that the smoke would be lofted by solar heating to the upper stratosphere, where it would remain for years. The only way to eliminate the possibility of this climatic catastrophe is to eliminate the nuclear weapons. If they exist, they can be used. The spread of nuclear weapons to new emerging states threatens not only the people of those countries, but the entire planet. Rapid reduction of the American and Russian nuclear arsenals will set an example for the rest of the world that nuclear weapons cannot be used and are not needed. References 1. Aleksandrov, V. V. , and G. L. Stenchikov, 1983: On the modeling of the climatic consequences of the nuclear war, Proc. Applied Math, Computing Centre, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 21 pp. 2. Crutzen, P. J. , and J. W. Birks, 1982: The atmosphere after a nuclear war: Twilight at noon, Ambio, 11, 180 pages. 3. Harwell, M. A. and T. C. Hutchinson, Eds. , 1986: Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, SCOPE 28. Volume II, Ecological and Agricultural Effects, John Wiley Sons, New York. 4. Mark A. Harwell Nuclear Winter: The Human and Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War Springer, 179 pages , November 1984, ISBN 0-387-96093-7 5. Mills, Michael J. , Owen B. Toon, Richard P. Turco, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, 2008, Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict, PNAS, 244 pages, doi:10. 1073/pnas. 0710058105. 6. N. N. Moiseev, Man, nature and the future of civilization: nuclear winter and the problem of a permissible threshold Novosti Press Agency Pub. House, Moscow, 92 pages, January 1986. 7. Robock, Alan, 2008: Time to bury a dangerous legacy: Part II: Climatic catastrophe would follow regional nuclear conflict. YaleGlobal Online. 8. Robock, Alan, Luke Oman, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Owen B. Toon, Charles Bardeen, and Richard P. Turco, 2007a: Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts. Atm. Chem. Phys. , 7 , 2003-2012. 9. Robock, Alan, Luke Oman, and Georgiy L. Stenchikov, 2007b: Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences. J. Geophys. Res. , 112 , D13107, doi:10. 1029/2006JD008235. 10. Sagan, C. , and R. Turco, 1990: A Path Where No Man Thought Nuclear Winter and the End of the Arms Race, New York, Random House, 499 pp. ISBN: 0394583078. 11. Toon, Owen B. , Richard P. Turco, Alan Robock, Charles Bardeen, Luke Oman, and Georgiy L. Stenchikov, 2007a: Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism. Atm. Chem. Phys. , 7 , 1973-2002. 12. Turco, R. P. , Toon, A. B. , Ackerman, T. P. , Pollack, J. B. , Sagan, C. (TTAPS) (1990) Climate and Smoke: An Appraisal of Nuclear Winter, Science, volume 247, 209 pages, January. 3. Turco, R. P. , O. B. Toon, T. P. Ackerman, J. B. Pollack, and C. Sagan, 1983: Nuclear winter: Global consequences of multiple nuclear explosions, Science, 222, 1283-1292. 14. Walt, S. M: (1998), â€Å"International Relations: One World, Many Theories†, Foreign Policy, n. 110, Spring 1998, 70 pages. 15. Mikhail Gorbachev explains what’s rotten in Russia http://www. salon. com/2000/09/07 /gorbachev/ [1] N. N. Moiseev, Man, nature and the future of civilization: nuclear winter and the problem of a permissible threshold Novosti Press Agency Pub. House, Moscow, 56-58 pp. [2] Crutzen, P. J. , and J. W. Birks, 1982: The atmosphere after a nuclear war: Twilight at noon, Ambio, 11, 114-125. [3] Mark A. Harwell Nuclear Winter: The Human and Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War Springer, November 1984, pp. 95-97 [4] Mikhail Gorbachev explains what’s rotten in Russia http://www. salon. com/2000/09/07/gorbachev/ [5] Mills, Michael J. , Owen B. Toon, Richard P. Turco, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, 2008, Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict, PNAS, pp. 118-127

To What Extent Is The Conservative free essay sample

Whilst many within the Conservative party still believe themselves to be on he Right of the Political Spectrum it has become clear that under Cameramans leadership the Party has slowly but surely edged its way toward the centre of British Politics. We can see that apart from retaining a few Of the traditional Conservative principles the Party has become more liberal in its stance, this could be attributed in part to the Coalition Government but more, in my opinion, to David Cameramans personal opinions.This has left a vacuum on the far-right which has now been filled by SKIP who encompass the traditional Conservative mind-set. We can see however that not all within Cameramans Party are happy with the centralization and so a number have jumped ship to join Forages party. Parallels can be drawn be;en Cameron and his predecessor, Margaret Thatcher: Cameron is a supporter of the free market economy; has voiced his support of foreign investment; supports a competitive market which brings benefits like jobs and cheaper prices. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Is The Conservative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cameron has spoken publicly about the need for the free market economy and said that they were the best imaginable force for improving human wealth and happiness. Cameron has invested huge amounts of money into the NASH, to not only make short-term improvements but ensure the future of he publicly-funded health service as an establishment that is a source of national pride. Cameron s passionate commitment to the NASH stemmed mainly from the treatment of his terminally ill son Ivan who died in 2009. This commitment has marked him out from other Tory leaders.The concept of the NASH opposes the ideals of New Right Conservatism which believes that prevarication of nationwide services such as the health service is the most beneficial path for the country. Throughout his time as the Party leader, David Cameron has repeatedly talked about the Big Society which has the idea of Noblesse Oblige at its centre. He places strong emphasis upon giving aid to those who are less fortunate which is particularly in-line with Disraeli ideas of One-Nation Conservatism.Cameramans focus on maintaining the Auks Welfare System is in direct contrast to the traditional or New Right Conservative view that giving financial/social aid to others makes the people lazy and reliant. Due to the way in which the Conservative party got into Government in 201 0, by forming a Coalition with the Liberal Democrats it could be said that David Cameron is closer to traditional Conservatism in his adhering. His pragmatic approach after the election ensured that his Party did gain power after shrewd dealing with Nick College and the Liberals.

Writing An Essay On Gun Violence In America

Writing An Essay On Gun Violence In AmericaIf you are considering writing an essay for an English class, you should consider using a gun violence in America essay sample. These essays can be used in your general or world history classes. They can also be used as reading assignments for your students. If you would like to write an essay on this topic, here is what you should know.Before you begin your essay, you should know the definition of gun violence in America. Basically, this is the history of the misuse of guns in society. As the history of the gun makes clear, guns have been a part of everyday life for many years. From hunting rifles to handguns to automatic weapons, guns have been used for a variety of different reasons and for a variety of different reasons have always been used. There has always been a certain amount of gun violence in the United States.This violence has been a part of American history, even before the Revolutionary War. The violence of the Civil War was a far cry from the guns used by the Civil War era militia.The main debate about the history of guns is whether they were a good or bad thing. Gun violence in America is often a debate between those who say guns can be used for good and those who say they can only be used for evil. Gun violence in America, however, has been used to promote a certain political agenda.When people were debating the use of the gun, there was a political group that used the gun violence in America to promote their cause. After the Civil War, they formed the Second Amendment to the Constitution, which enshrines the right to bear arms as one of the fundamental rights of American citizens. So, for some, the use of guns to control society has a history of promoting the cause of political parties.Your essay can discuss this history with you and your class. It may not only be the history of the gun; it could also be the history of the gun laws in American history. You might also want to make this a debate that go es back to the founding of the country.It is up to you, and your students, to make your essay about this subject relevant to the discussion. If you would like to use the history of gun violence in America essay sample for a specific purpose, for example, an essay for a humanities class, you will find that there are certain things you should know and certain things you will need to look for.

Abusing Human Rights Violence Against Women

Life lessons that can be found in Star Wars

Life lessons that can be found in Star Wars 7 Things to Learn From Star Wars Cant wait to see the glorious return of Han Solo and the Millennium Falcon? Lets take a look at the wisdom of the Jedi, The Force and Master Yoda, to find lessons Star Wars can teach us about life. (But even if the words In a galaxy far, far away, dont ring a bell for you, the rules are universal, so feel free to apply them in order to make your life better. And May The Force be with you! Live the life you want to live (you can do it!). Do or do not there is no try. Yoda in The Empire Strikes Back Theres no reason to waste your life being stuck in fear and uncertainty. Youre free to be whatever you want to be. Just make a decision and stick to the plan. Remember, The Force is on your side. Keep close to people who have faith in you. I find your lack of faith disturbing. Darth Vader in A New Hope Warning! Pessimism is contagious. Stay away from people who make you feel bad about yourself. In other words, say NO to energetic vampires. The rule is pretty simple: be with those who support you and believe in you. Be honest with yourself. You know what the right thing to do is. Already know you, that which you need. Yoda Let your heart guide you. You carry all the answers within. Just listen to the voice of that inner Yoda of yours, and youll find the way. Nothing is impossible. C-3PO: Sir, the possibility of successfully navigating an asteroid field is approximately 3,720 to 1. Never tell me the odds. Han Solo in The Empire Strikes Back Even if your odds of success are really (I mean, REALLY) small, dont let this fact stop you from staying true to yourself and to your heart. You succeed by overcoming failures. Strike me down and I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine. Obi- Wan Kenobi in A New Hope The road to success is paved with failure. No matter how hard you try, you cant avoid mistakes. After all, were all humans here, arent we? So, the point is to make proper conclusions out of those mistakes and to prevent them from happening in the future. Dont let fear be your guide. Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering. Yoda in The Phantom Menace When youre scared, youre vulnerable. You cant see clearly if youre paralized with fear. Keep in mind that very often our fears are causeless. Just pull yourself together and dont let the imaginary monsters impact your life. Humor always makes it better. (as garbage compactor closes in) One things for sure, were all gonna be a lot thinner. Han Solo in A New Hope Freaking out is a common reaction when something goes wrong. But will it help you to solve the problem? Doubtly. Humor, instead, will make you feel way better and give you some time to think the situation through. Humor is the key to success (and to girls hearts as well ;))

Essay on Gender Equality Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Gender Equality - Essay Example Not just the physical differences of these two, even at their physiological responses and to other fields. The society is just having misconception about the differences of the two sexes that is why conflicts arise. We can look closely to how we can link these two sexes. But to do that it is better if we recognize first what are their differences for us to be able to connect them and resolve the reasons why conflicts arise. In other words, let us look at the both sides on them and settle at the middle and understand their reactions or responses. When it comes to physical appearance men has more defined muscle structure than women. They are the one who are much capable of lifting heavy things as compared to women because their physical capacity is fit for such work. The brain structure of men is different from women. They have thinner corpus callosum. This is the one that connects the two halves of the brain. The left side of the brain is the one responsible for analytical thinking. And this is when the boys can level up to the scores of women because men are good with numbers (Turner, 1997). When it comes to sexual urges, men are more visual than women. Visual things can usually trigger their urges compared to women. When it comes to listening, men usually have different kind of behavior. In the research of Deborah Tannen (1990), she found out that men will usually eye on something else while listening to somebody. When you talk to them they don't look at you straight but will be eyeing other things in the surroundings. She also found at his research that even at the development of men will stand as the evidence of how different they are to women. They usually establish bonding with other boys with physical activities; they don't make talking as a medium for closeness to other boys. When it terms to command making, men are more direct to what they want and the orders that they give according to Theiderman. She even elaborated that even in asking question there is this line that separates men from women. Men are not into details and will ask fewer questions. Men ask questions because they want to know something. Their purpose of asking is plainly to gather information. Women Physically, women have less muscle definition. Instead they are built for the purpose of conception and therefore bear the gift of carrying their young. As to brain structure, women are have a thicker corpus collusom and are therefore capable of multi tasking as compared to men. In terms of sexual urges, women are more into touch than visuals. They are easily aroused when touched and not just by visuals. In terms of listening, women look at their partners when listening. They set their eyes to there friends when listening because it is their way of showing that their attention is set to conversation. As to making commands, women are softer in giving orders. They usually use tag lines and will usually use phrases that ask for confirmation but in away suggesting her own idea or asking for others to confirm with her, (Thiederman). Girls establish a different medium of bonding with other girls. They indulge their time to talking as establishing closer relationship with other girls, (Tannnen, 1990). Girls usually exchange secrets and talk about a constant topic as compared to boys. For them, if they spend time for talking with other girl

An inconvenient truth (Movie report) Movie Review

An inconvenient truth ( report) - Movie Review Example Some men heeded Marsh’s call and forest reserves were established soon after. Meanwhile, John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club helped in the establishment of the Yosemite and Kings Canyon National Park because he believed that all living things had a part to play in the subsistence of the whole world, and must be preserved because they exist. From these early efforts sprung worldwide environmental organizations calling for a more ethical use of the earth’s resources. By 1972, out of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the Stockholm Declaration was born The Declaration recognized man as both a â€Å"creature and molder† of his environment, acknowledged the role of the environment in the sustainability of mankind, and mandated man to protect his environment (United Nations Conference on the Human Environment). It demanded accountability in all citizens and communities, enterprises and institutions to shape the future of the environment. From the early awareness of the importance of nature to man’s survival came an understanding that the Earth is a living being. In 2010, the Earth Declaration (World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth) afforded Mother Earth with equal rights as humans. It was perhaps the first document to compel nations to reco gnize the interdependence of life on the planet and that â€Å"in an interdependent living community it is not possible to recognize the rights of only human beings without causing an imbalance within Mother Earth† (World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth). I mention these developments in the environmental movement because I wish to believe that climate change will not end the world, instead, it will help man discover who he truly is. George Mash once said, The fact that, of all organic beings, man alone is to be regarded as essentially a destructive power, and that he wields energies to resist which,

knockout mouse

knockout mouse Knockout Mouse 1. Introduction Generally, DNA was first transferred by design into an organism and expressed as protein, therefore the potential of the tool that was being discovered must be found quickly by the scientist. Early experiments were limited to bacteria and viruses, but soon after the field of experiments were enlarged to those on animals and plants. (E.Hill, 2002). This topic, â€Å"knockout mouse† relates to the field of genetic engineering which further delves into a more specific technique called transgenic technology. â€Å"Knockoutscience.com†(2009) analyses that transgenic technology refers to the alteration of a certain genomic DNA of an organism in genetic engineering. As the result, both offspring of a transgenic organism and the parents (homozygous) will share the same genotype. The most common type of transgenic organism used in research is the knockout mouse, thoughknockout rats andknockout rabbits have also been developed. A knockout mouse defines a mouse which is being genetically engineered by turning off one or more genes through a process called gene knockout. â€Å"Genome.gov â€Å"also explains that a knockout mouse is a laboratory mouse in which researchers have inactivated, an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an simulated piece of DNA. The loss of gene activity often causes changes in a mouses phenotype, which includes appearance, activities and other observable physical and biochemical characters. â€Å"Knockoutscience.com† (2009) also elucidates that it has become routine to develop knockout mice with disruptions in specific genes. By observing the resulting phenotype, scientists are able to view the effects of this gene disruption from these knockout mice. It is true to say that the phenotype is a direct result of the gene knockout and can offer evidences as to the biological role of the gene, but rarely the phenotype can also be the result of compensatory or indirect effects of the gene knockout. Sometimes the result obtained in a phenotype can be completely unrelated to the disrupted gene. Additionally, some gene knockouts create alethal phenotypewhere the organism fails to develop in utero, making in vivo studies exceedingly difficult. It was claimed that this technique may help to solve dopamine-related neurological illnesses.(Carol A.T, 1996) The technique allows transgenic animals that lack of a certain gene or its associated protein product to grow. In experiments with mice, researchers were able to knockout the animals dopamine transporters, causing the mice to behave as if they had been given huge doses of cocaine or amphetamine. Walinski.H(2009) states that knockout mice have different way of uses. First, the specific functions of particular genes can be tested and the regulation of these particular genes can be observed. The effects of a particular gene can be determined by examining what is happening in anin vivo model, we are able to determine the effects a particular gene may have. These effects would be impossible to observe in a culture dish. Another useful application of knockout technology is in biomedical research and drug development. Knockout mouse can be used to study the evolution of thousands of genetically based diseases at the molecular level in order to seek for the best medications that act on that gene. For Example, Lili.X and Asok.C (2005 ) both agree that Duffy positive and Duffy knockout mice have revealed both human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax and mouse malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii by using parasite invasion. Furthermore, the knockout technology may lead to the discovery of the next generation of blockbuster therapies for curing numerous diseases based on novel targets from the human genome. 2. Background Genetics Timeline for the key events in the history of knockout mouse 1900 Japanese fancy mice became mutant resources for mouse genetics. 1915- The first verterbrate linkage (mapping) was discovered between albino (c) and pink-eyed dilution (p) loci in the mouse. 1923- Discovery of X-ray induced mutations in mouse before the phenomenon was confirmed in fruit-flies. 1980- Specific-locus tests were conducted extensively in the mouse with various chemical mutagens, including N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). 1981-1991- knockout mice are established. 1981- The first embryo stem (ES) cell was identified in the mouse. Martin Evans and Matt Kaufman in Cambridge, U.K., isolate mouse embryonic stem cells, which can develop into the full range of tissues. 1982-Transgenic mouse technology was established through the generation of the â€Å"giant mouse† mutant. 1985- Introduction of the Cre-loxP system by Brian Sauer act as temporal control of transgenic gene expression. 1987- Mario Capecchis team at the University of Utah describes a method for making knockout mice, as does Oliver Smithiess group at the University of Wisconsin. 1989- First knockout mouse was made by combining ES cell and gene-targeting technologies. 2007- International Knockout Mouse Consortium was organized and the Banbury II meeting was held in Brussels, Belgium. Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine was awarded for the development of mouse knockout techonologies. 3. Genetic Technique There are several method to produce knockout mouse, such as gene deletion, homologous recombination method, pronuclear microinjection and gene targeting. However, only gene targeting will be mentioned herein. Gene Targeting is the elimination or alteration of a genes function. One of the advantages of gene targeting is a mutant allele can be mended by substituting a wild-type allele over the mutant one in its normal chromosomal location, and such technique known as gene replacement. In this way, both position effect and the DNA rearrangements associated with ectopic insertion can be prevented, as a single replication of the gene is inserted in its normal chromosomal environmental. (Griffiths.A and Susan R.Wessler,etc, 2008). 4. Social Issues Recently, the evaluation of animal and human welfare as it may be affected by biotechnology is becoming a hot issue. The lack of an conscience and the information of the processes involved is one of the most important fact. ( Marie.B, 1997) Marie.B (1997) also states that the moral evaluation process is complicated by the fact that many techniques and developments in biotechnology are appropriate for patent. Some of the biotechnologists are reluctant to reveal appropriate information is understandable. Therefore, education concerning transgenic animal care and utilize is indeed very importance, involving the careful consideration of the reasons for manipulating the genome of any organism as genetic engineering is a dangerous and sensitive social issue. ( Marie.B, 1997) Pros and Cons of Knockout Mouse Advantages Disadvantages Provides important clues about what that gene normally does because human share many genes with mice. (Genome.gov, 2009) Limitation of the utility of knockout mice as models of human disease. (Walinski.H, 2004) Gives better understanding and observation of the characteristics of knockout mice. ( Genome.gov, 2009) The lack of adult mice limits studies to embryonic development and makes it more difficult to determine a genes function in relation to human health. ( Genome.gov, 2009) Gives information that can be used to better understand how a similar gene may cause or contribute disease in human. ( Genome, 2009) The gene that being examined might serve a different function in adults than in developing embryos, giving a false information. (Genome, 2009) Useful in studying and modeling different kinds of cancer, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, substance abuse, anxiety, aging and Parkinson disease. Fails to produce an observable change in a mouse or may even produce a different characteristics from those observed in humans in which the same gene is inactivated. ( Genome.gov, 2009) Offers a biological context in which drugs and other therapies can be developed and tested. Producing custom knockout mice is very expensive. It can be from 3000 to as much as 30,000 (Walinski.H, 2004) Useful in drug development and helps to discover the next generation of blockbuster therapies for curing numerous diseases based on novel targets from the humane genome. (Walinski.H, 2004) The cost of equipping and maintaining such a facility is usually very high. ( Walinski.H, 2009) 5.0: Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that knockout mouse offer a lot of benefits for us. Therefore, a thorough discussion of biotechnology issues is needed, as concurrence must be practiced as to protect transgenic animals. The field of transgenic animal biotechnology is likely to rise as the techniques develop further and will link to more applications by using many more animal species. Thus, it is important that the welfare and ethical concerns must continue to evolve. (Marie.B, 1997) In short, technology essentials together with thoughtful ethical decision-making are equally important to maintain the balance of living creatures. 6.0: Bibliography * Connor A.B, 2007, Schematic and Time Line for the Generation of Knockout Mice, Viewed 25 January 2010, http://web.mit.edu/ki/facilities/transgenic/services/timeline-complete.pdf * Davidson, NC 28036, Homologous Recombination Knockout Mouse, Department of Biology, Davidson College, viewed 15 January 2010, http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/genomics/method/homolrecomb.html. * Eisen, Eugene J, 2005, Mouse in Animal Genetics and Breeding Research, viewed 25 January 2010, http://site.ebrary.com/lib/sunway/docDetail.action?docID=10173945p00=knockout+mouse * Garagna, S, 2004, Mouse Genetics after the Mouse Genome, Viewed 25 January 2010, http://site.ebrary.com/lib/sunway/docDetail.action?docID=10070304p00=knockout+mouse * Genome.gov, 2009, Knockout Mice, Viewed 25 January 2010, http://www.genome.gov/12514551 * Genoway ( 2006), Gene deletion, conditional knockout mouse, viewed 11 february 2010, http://www.genoway.com/conditional_knock_out_mouse.htm * Griffiths.A.J, Wessler.S.R, Lewontin.R.C and Carroll.S.B (2008), Introduction to genetic analysis, W.H,Freeman and Company, England. * â€Å"Google docs†, 2010, Gene targeting construct, Viewed 25 January 2010, http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:j6mj7wNqd7gJ:tmc.ctrl.ucla.edu/targeting.pdf+history+knockout+mousehl=engl=my * Hudson, 2010, Taconic enters marketing pact with Transposagen Bio for knockout rat models, viewed 25 January 2010, http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=53683sectionid= * Marie.B (1997) Transgenic animlas, viewed 11 february 2010,http://www.ccac.ca/en/Current/Current_Transgenic.htm * National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2007, What is transgenic technology? Viewed 15 January 2010, http://www.knockoutscience.com/ * Research Resources, n.d., Transgenic Knockout Mouse, viewed 25 January 2010, http://www.cellmigration.org/resource/komouse/protocols/mouse_timeline.pdf * â€Å"University of California†, n.d., Transgenic and Gene Targeting Core, viewed 25 January 2010, http://cancer.ucsd.edu/tgm/genetargeting.asp#timeline * Table, http://www.knockoutmouse.org/ * Tamminga, Carol A. Molecular biology, I: a mouse knockout. (molecular technique called gene knockout which allows the development of animals that lack a certain gene and its associated protein product).American Journal of Psychiatry153.11 (1996): 1387.Academic OneFile. Web. 6 Feb. 2010. . * Twyman. R, 2003, Knockout Mice: The inactivation of a specific gene in a mouse, viewed on 15 January 2010, http://genome,wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD021038.html * Walinski.H, 2004, Studying Gene Function: Creating Knockout Mice, viewed on 25 January 2010, http://www.scq.ubc.ca/studying-gene-function-creating-knockout-mice/ * Walter E.Hill. , 2002, Genetic Engineering, Taylor Francis, Biddles LTd, Guildford and Kings Lynn, Great Britain. * â€Å"Wikipedia†, 2009, Knockout Mouse, viewed on 15 January 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse * Xu, Lili, and Asok Chaudhuri. Plasmodium yoelii: A differential fluorescent technique using Acridine Orange to identify infected erythrocytes and reticulocytes in Duffy knockout mouse.Experimental Parasitology110.1 (2005): 80+.Academic OneFile. Web. 6 Feb. 2010. . * Y. Gondo (2008), Trends in large-scale mouse mutagenesis: from genetics to functional genomics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 9(10):803-810., http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/Knockout-mice-timeline-6638351, Viewed On 11 February 2010.

Acoustics :: acoustic acoustics sound

The concert hall is one of man's greatest joys; enjoying a fine symphony composed by the worlds greatest, performed by a world class orchestra. For months afterwards, the borgoise attendees will speak of the energy of the conductor, the orchestra responding to him, the power of it all. The crescendoes, the diminuendos, the stark silences between movements, the clarity of the soloist above the rest of the orchestra. Little do they know that were it not for the meticulous consideration of the architect at construction time, the patrons would not feel that they were getting their money's 'worth.' The architect is tapping into the world of acoustics; in this case, achieving the best possible sonic experience through differing techniques : different materials, certain shapes of rooms, sound traps, etcetera. Acoustics and sound, like so many physics branches, starts out relatively simple and quickly becomes a gigantic headache. Massive amounts of planning must go into a large structure such as a concert hall, a dance hall. Even small structures, such as the phonebooth, have hours of careful planning put into their design, in order to achieve the desired effect with the varied sound sources. This page is designed to inform the reader in the basics of acoustics, using the theory behind acoustics and the examples of the concert hall and the dancehall. Technically, the definition of 'sound' is a pressure wave in an elastic medium. This means that our pressure wave can be present in air, water, wood, steel... many different solids as well as air (and liquid). One of the most common units of measurement of sound is intensity, or the rate at which sound energy is being transmitted into the medium. (low sound intensity would be something like somebody clapping between movements, high sound intensity would be the applause after Beethoven's 9th) The unit of intensity is the decibel, or db. We use a logarithmic scale to measure these, as it is difficult to understand the range of the decibel in linear terms. Other units of measurement are the period and the amplitude of the wave. As we see in the graphic, we have the graph of time versus sound pressure, with our little wave traversing it. The amplitude is the highest value the graph reaches before descending again, while the period is the amount of time it takes for the wave to complete a full cycle. Other terms of note for the diagram are compression, which is represented by the parts of the graph in the positive region of sound pressure, and rarefraction, which is represented by negative pressure.