BIM (BUILDING Information Modeling ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

BIM (BUILDING Information Modeling ) - Essay Example The lifecycle of a product involves designing, building, operation, and maintenance activities. Since current buildings rely upon drawings, building designs have formerly focused upon communications through numerous distinct and often inconsistent documents. With BIM, building designs are not just about drawings and numerous documents, but about a data repository where structure and continuation information is combined in one expedient model for sharing amongst all stakeholders (McNell et al, 5). As a model-based design process, BIM offers explicit design information, for instant consideration and evaluation of the design objective and program. As a result, BIM model offers augmented process competence and superior quality accuracy compared to conventional 2D CAD drawings. 2.0. Management of BIM Previously, architects designed buildings which were then scrutinized by engineers who offered feedback and technical responses concerning the design (AUGI, 1). Conversely, the contractors ob tained the drawings and build the structure. At this point, every party played their own part. However, BIM and all its inventions, ideas, methods and designs are all owned by the Department of design and Construction. According to AUGI, the other persons using BIM like contractors only have temporary use for given time extents after which all BIM copies are submitted to DDC. In the BIM model, the owner hires an architect and contractor. The architect is the design review agency while the contractor performs QC testing and inspection (Ashcraft and Shelden, 7). The architect works with specialist consultants and engineers (A+E). The contractor works with engineer contractors and subcontractors. The subcontractors work as product suppliers, material suppliers, installers and labor unions among others. The contractor have a construction simulation model and fabrication model, the architects have the design model, and the engineer will have the analysis model depending on their discipli ne (Ashcraft and Shelden, 7). BIM collaborative use requires that all available models are interoperable and that each model is a clear and consistent representation of the same structure. 3.0. BIM practice The building industry comprises of architects, engineers, contractors and owners or (A/E/C/O). The architect is provided with a service request (Ashcraft and Shelden, 7). The architect is responsible for designing buildings and space using BIM and has the intentions to have the building executed to work. However, the role of the architects expanded to business strategy, and technology among others. The professional engineers then utilize recent 3D modeling and visualization (Revit and AutoCAD) for 3D design. After receiving the request, the architect validates and designs the structure. Conversely, the engineer imports conventional 2D drawings that have 3D information for precise establishment of 3D renderings. When coupled with onsite coordination, 3D visualization offers improv ed accuracy for detection and resolution of instances of collision among infrastructure components. The process used here is crash detection (Ashcraft and Shelden, 7) and is cost saving since component collisions are only detected after commencement of construction. The engineer then documents the findings and issues to the designer. The designers utilize BIM to discover substitute concepts, perform value engineering and optimize designs. Given the BIM model, t

Area Evaluation for District Registered Nurse

Area Evaluation for District Registered Nurse Greenon Local School District Stephanie C Ebbs Wright State University College of Nursing and Health School Nursing The Ohio Department of Health (2014) defines public health nursing as promoting physical and mental health, disease prevention, injury, and disability. The ODH goes on to state public health nursing includes the individual client, family and support system of the client, as well as the community in which the client lives to provide services. Public health services include monitoring health, identifying health problems, educating on health issues, developing partnerships in order to identify and solve problems, developing plans and policies for individuals and communities, providing information on needed personal health services, and evaluating effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based services. (ODH, 2014) Carolynn Agresta is the Greenon Local Schools district registered nurse in Enon, Ohio. Carolynn graduated nursing school from the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio with a bachelor’s degree in September of 1981. Carolynn’s 33 years of experience includes being a nursing school adjunct and working oncology, neuro-surgical, orthopedic, ICU, and home health nursing settings. In 2000 she began working as a school nurse without school nurse licensure. Primarily Carolynn spends her days with the students in grades 7-12. Two assistants generally tend to kindergarten through grade 6. Both assistants have medical experience and have worked for the Greenon Local School district for the past couple of years. Carolynn is responsible for the entire Greenon school district which currently enrolls 1,838 students. Population The Enon, Ohio area is predominately Caucasian with an average age of 48 years of age. A majority of the population (58%) is married. 19% of the population have never married. 12.5% of the population is divorced. 9% are widowed and 2% are separated. Other ethnicities are prevalent in the community, but represent less than 25%. 91% of the Enon community has a high school degree, 28% of the community have a bachelor’s degree, and 13% have a graduate or professional degree. 8.5% of the Enon community is unemployed. Many in the community drive everywhere since a majority of the region is in a rural setting. Crime rates are below the national and state average and are mostly property related. (U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences and Advameg Inc., 2014) Struggles Carolynn faces includes the repercussions of multiple failed levees leaving tough necessary budget cuts on the school district. Teachers have not received a raise for the past three to four years and one of the four buildings open in 2013 has been closed. Carolynn reports the Enon, Ohio population to be many retired individuals who cannot pay any more than they already do for the district. She explained she is sad and happy at the same time for the merging of buildings as she moved from the now closed building into the Grennon Jr/Sr High School building this year. Carolynn states most of the buildings in the Greenon district need replaced and offers a metaphor of budgeting of the school buildings as placing a band-aid over a hemorrhaging wound. The buildings are just not in good enough condition to be continually repaired anymore. She reports pipes burst every winter and ruin the teachers’ classrooms. It forces the teachers to rebuild the classroom and shuffling the students to other rooms while repairs are being made. Many students require medical attention throughout the day at Greenon Jr/Sr High School. Most students come with minor requests of a band-aid for a minor cut, an ice pack, or feeling ill. Carolynn reports five students have Epi-Pens in the locked cabinet in the school nurse office in case of an emergent allergic reaction. One student reports having hypoglycemia and visits the school nurse’s office for a granola bar a few times during the week. One student has severe migraines. Two students are currently being monitored for type two diabetes. Three type one diabetics are present in the high school building and are Carolynn’s admitted biggest worry most days. She advocates independence of diabetic students, takes action during hypo/hyperglycemic episodes, and reports concerns to the student’s parent(s). One student is independent in diabetes management. Two students visit the school nurse’s office daily for diabetes management. One student in particular is poorly controlled and recently reported a hemoglobin (Hgb) A1C score of 13. It is a very poor score indicating the student’s diabetes is out of control. Carolynn shows genuine concern regarding the student’s long-term health. She reaches out to the student’s parents with concerns over constant hyperglycemia episodes. She is constantly helping the student try and understand how to manage carbohydrates in the diet effectively. Fears of amputation, vision and nerve damage, and a shortened life span for the student worries Carolynn. (ADA, 2014) Standards Carolynn must keep up with Ohio department of health (ODH) guidelines, Ohio state laws, HIPAA, and Greenon Local School district rules. Keeping up with compliance is no easy feat. Caring to a continuous steady stream of students needing attention, documenting care, calling parents, updating state required vaccination records of students, and instructing voluntary staff members how to tend to emergencies in her absence requires a lot of time, patience, multi-tasking, and skill. Ohio House Bill 264, safe at school, keeps children with diabetes medically safe at school. The bill allows volunteer school staff to be trained in assisting diabetic children with insulin administration and glucagon in an emergency situation. The safe at school bill also allows children to self-manage their diabetes while at school if able and capable. (ADA, 2014) One student is independent in diabetes management at Greenon. One student requires privacy to inject insulin at lunch time which is why Carolynn bought a divider for the school nurse office. One diabetic student requires a great deal of supervision and monitoring. Another law, House Bill 296 recently passed highly recommending and allowing schools to stock Epi-Pen in case of an emergency on a student not previously identified with anaphylaxis. This law will help save lives of students unaware of severe allergic reactions. House bill 296 also authorizes middle and high school students to carry an epinephrine pen with them at all times (with proper documentation from physician and parents turned into the district school nurse). Greenon Local School district does not currently stock Epi Pens, but eventually will. Carolynn states she wants to apply for a grant or at least investigate how to get the school buildings donated Epi Pens. She states she just has not been able to as of yet since the bill passed in April of 2014. (Legislative Information Systems, 2014) Five students have epinephrine auto injectable pens in the school nurse office. Most of the five students keep another Epi Pen on their person at all times in case of emergency. Students requiring epinephrine pen injection are required to be transported to the hospital and parental contact. No student is required to self-administer the epinephrine and volunteering staff are trained to assist students in case of an anaphylaxis. The Ohio Department of health has requirements of students regarding vaccinations. Polio, MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), and Varicella (chickenpox) are required vaccinations before children begin kindergarten school. DTaP//DT/Tdap/TD are a required set of vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis required before kindergarten and once before entering seventh grade. Every fall Carolynn must document and send letters to parents in order to have the proper documentation for students to remain in school. (ODH, 2014) Carolynn abides by the ODH standards of infection control prevention guidelines. She constantly is hand washing, changing paper bed linen after each student, changing thermometer probe covers with each student, cleans her stethoscope with alcohol before and after use, and never allows students to share ice packs, blood glucose monitors, band-aids, or ace wraps. Carolynn strives to protect herself, students, and staff from infection and illness and maintains high standards for herself in care of students. Care Carolynn provides a non-biased and supportive environment for all students. She listens intently to each student as they come to her office. Students always refer to Carolynn by Mrs. Agresta. She has a 700 dollar a year budget for the school nurse’s office and uses it on food and supplies. She provides free granola bars, juice, water, graham crackers, and fruit snacks to students upon request or diabetic need. Since the Greenon Local School district is public spirituality is limited. She can pray with students and families if requested, but not impede upon spiritual beliefs by federal law. Parents must be contacted to provide non-prescription medication at the school. Carolynn contacts parents daily for cough, cold, and allergy medications for students. Remaining in a supportive attitude and complying with parental wishes regarding care is a necessary component of school nursing. Giving parents an educated report of a student’s condition is required in communicating. Sometimes parents will take the student home to rest with or without recommendation of the Carolynn acting as school nurse. Carolynn is responsible for maintaining privacy in her clinic while caring for students. She requests students wait in the hall outside her office momentarily while she tends to another student. She has a nurturing motherly style approach to each student and treats each student with respect, attentiveness, and compassion as if each student were her own child. Carolynn is a dedicated nurse who tries to provide the best quality care possible in an economically struggling school district. She wishes she had more resources to help. Carolynn does reach out to local area school nurses, the Clark County Combined Health District, and the ODH for help and reference. Carolynn provides training to voluntary staff members on insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine auto-injector pens. She also answers any questions with educated research and provides additional information. She hangs health information in her office and around the school on bulletin boards to keep the student and staff population educated on their health. References Advameg, Inc. (2014). Enon, Ohio Statistics. http://www.citydata.com/city/EnonOhio.html#ixzz3DorjZSUU American Diabetes Association (ADA). (2014). Diabetes, complications, and safe at school. http://www.diabetes.org Legislative Information Systems (2014). House Bill 296 http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=130_HB_296 Ohio Department of Health (ODH). (2014). Immunization summary for child care, head start, pre-school, and school attendance: ohio. http://www.odh.ohio.gov U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences National Center for Education Statistics. (2014). Greenon Local Schools: Greenon High School. http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1DistrictID=3904623ID=390462302475

Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness essays

Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it represents the inner truth beneath the white surface reality. White people and objects represent the exterior reality that obscures the deeper truth present in darkness.    The Europeans in the novel represent those who hide from the truth within them and within reality. In Conrad's novel, most Europeans are portrayed as self-deceptive; they use societal customs to obscure the darkness and emptiness present within their souls. The chief accountant exemplifies the self-deceptive European. Marlow gives his impression of the accountant in this excerpt, "I took him [the accountant] for a sort of vision. I saw a high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket... He was amazing" (Conrad 84). The accountant later stated, "The groans of this sick person distract my attention [from his work]" (Conrad 85). The accountant is so centered on maintaining a proper European image and European work ethic that he impressed Marlow, but the accountant showed no compassion for his fellow man. The accountant's appearance belied the darkness in his soul. Similar to the accountant, the General Manager maintained an aura of white civilization to hide the em ptiness and darkness that existed beneath his white surface. The manager paid proper ... ...ists within every human soul. Conrad used the contrasting images of white and black to illustrate his view that evil exists within us all. Light, which relates to civilization and its practices, helps to control and hide the dark truth within us, but that black truth of human nature will always remain.       Sources Consulted:    Conrad, Joseph. Norton Critical Editions: Heart of Darkness.   Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: W. W.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton, 1963. 3-79. Gekoski, R. A.. "Heart of Darkness." Modern Critical Interpretation: Joseph Conrad's Heart of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darkness.   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 57-76.    Said, Edward W "The Past and the Present: Conrad's Shorter Fiction."   Modern Critical Views: Joseph Conrad. Ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 29-52.    Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness essays Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it represents the inner truth beneath the white surface reality. White people and objects represent the exterior reality that obscures the deeper truth present in darkness.    The Europeans in the novel represent those who hide from the truth within them and within reality. In Conrad's novel, most Europeans are portrayed as self-deceptive; they use societal customs to obscure the darkness and emptiness present within their souls. The chief accountant exemplifies the self-deceptive European. Marlow gives his impression of the accountant in this excerpt, "I took him [the accountant] for a sort of vision. I saw a high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket... He was amazing" (Conrad 84). The accountant later stated, "The groans of this sick person distract my attention [from his work]" (Conrad 85). The accountant is so centered on maintaining a proper European image and European work ethic that he impressed Marlow, but the accountant showed no compassion for his fellow man. The accountant's appearance belied the darkness in his soul. Similar to the accountant, the General Manager maintained an aura of white civilization to hide the em ptiness and darkness that existed beneath his white surface. The manager paid proper ... ...ists within every human soul. Conrad used the contrasting images of white and black to illustrate his view that evil exists within us all. Light, which relates to civilization and its practices, helps to control and hide the dark truth within us, but that black truth of human nature will always remain.       Sources Consulted:    Conrad, Joseph. Norton Critical Editions: Heart of Darkness.   Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: W. W.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton, 1963. 3-79. Gekoski, R. A.. "Heart of Darkness." Modern Critical Interpretation: Joseph Conrad's Heart of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darkness.   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 57-76.    Said, Edward W "The Past and the Present: Conrad's Shorter Fiction."   Modern Critical Views: Joseph Conrad. Ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 29-52.   

Effects of Autism

AUTISM ESSAY Name:Cloleisha Ottey Group:M1 Date:April 11, 2013 Lecturer:Miss. M. East Assignment:Three Autism and its Effects Autism is a syndrome characterized by issues in communication and social interaction and is diagnosed at the latest three years in a child’s life. Autism is also called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and includes a broad range of disabilities such as Asperger Syndrome, Rett’s Syndrome (almost exclusively affects females) and Pervasive Development Disorder.There are varying degrees of the disorder from low-functioning (no communication) to high-functioning (some communication and inappropriate but existent social skills). The characteristics also vary and present themselves socially (resistance to being held or touched), linguistically (makes verbal sounds while listening-echolalia), behaviorally (obsessions with objects, ideas or desires. ), emotionally (resists change in the environment (people, places, objects). ) and physically (unusual gait. ) in the child’s life. With an individual dealing with so much, how does it affect the family structure?I will be exploring the implications of the effects of Autism for the individual, parents and siblings. The life of an Autistic child is overwhelming. Carly a fourteen year old, when she was finally able to communicate in a way the world could understand expressed what it feels like being Autistic. After eleven years of silence she ran up to a computer and entered her first word â€Å"hurt†, her second word was â€Å"help†. She expressed how much she would love to be like other children but she can’t help but be herself. She explained the reason for her constant rocking, not wanting to be touched and banging her head.She said it felt like a thousand ants were crawling over her body, her feet felt like they were on fire and if she didn’t bang her head she felt like she would explode. For years she understood what was being said around/about her bu t had no way of expressing herself. Autistic children, who are not able to communicate like Carly, go through this overload of sensory input that drives them nuts. Not being able to communicate to their parents that the sound is too loud, or the light is too bright becomes frustrating. They are treated as if they are dumb and do not understand what is being said when that is far from the truth.Many children who have been diagnosed as being Autistic have been found to be dual exceptional, which means having a disability but are also being a gifted child. One of the most difficult things a parent can experience is not being able to understand what their child needs. Raising a child who does not speak or express themselves in a way you can understand is heart wrenching, especially when they are experiencing pain and you do not know where it hurts or what the symptoms are-helplessness is painful. Not knowing why they hurt themselves, scream, pull away when you touch them or say the thin gs they say.However, parents must remember that, despite the diagnosis their child is the same person that they have always  been. The only difference is that they know now what condition they have and can begin to help them to maximize their potential and to live life to the fullest. Parents often feel like failures and blame themselves for the diagnosis. It is reported that 80% of marriages end in divorce when a child is diagnosed with Autism, leaving the mothers to deal with the day to day stresses of raising a child with a disability. They constantly ask â€Å"Was it that one drink? or â€Å"Was it that fall I didn’t tell anyone about? † Another implication for parents of Autistic children is the cost of care which does not come cheap. In a country like Jamaica where health care for disability cases is not predominant – it costs an arm and a leg, approximately US$40,000-$70,000 per year (as per the Autism Center of Montego Bay). Parents have to ensure tha t their Autistic child gets physical, occupational and speech therapies as early intervention and lifelong therapies to improve the skills they already possess and to not lose what they have gained.Parents may feel that their child with autism takes a lot of their time and attention – siblings feel this way too. Parents often think that because their other child/children are not suffering from this diagnosis or any other major ailment and are for want of a better word â€Å"normal†- they do not need time with them. Siblings will go out of their way to be noticed by their parents by getting in trouble at school, rebelling and some are left to raise themselves. Siblings like for parents to make time for them when possible to listen to the things that are important to them.It may help to do some activities separately in the family, if you can. Parents need to find out what the child would like them to do together, make a date and keep it. While they are out let it be abou t the child, do not bring up the Autistic sibling. However, siblings may benefit from having time to themselves, for example occasional breaks like  sleepovers at friends’ homes. They also need to be able to bring their own friends home and enjoy themselves without interruption, where possible. Try to listen to siblings' worries and concerns – but also their ideas.Older children may have good ideas about how best to manage certain situations. If they have a good relationship with their brother or sister, they may be able to ask them to do things that the parent can’t. The future is a concern for siblings. At some point,  it may help to talk  with them about who is expected to care for their brother or sister when they are older. There has been an increase in Autism cases, according to the Director of the Montego Bay Autism Center on April 2, 2013. To combat the rise each supporting entity (parents and siblings) must have an air of patience.The Autistic chi ld cannot help but be who they are, so parents and siblings have to rise to the occasion and be advocates. Understanding, supporting and educating are a few of the ways to show that Autistic life – is still a life. Autism has a wide effect and often has negative implications, however, the positive implications outweigh them. Reference 1. Stanley, G. I and Tippy G. November 2, 2011. Respecting Autism: The Rebecca School DIR Casebook for Parents and Professionals. Vantage Press. 2. http://readingroom. mindspec. org/? page_id=6203;gclid=CPjI2ub0wrYCFRMKnAodylsABQ. Autism Profile. March 15, 2013. Autism Reading Room.

Forces in International Business

Has its hands in many international product manufacturing. They do are effected on a daily basis by the different forces of international business and ethical issues. These forces were assembled, and one of their ethical issues were evaluated. Forces in International Business There are multiple forces that effect international business.These forces are calculators forces, natural resources and environmental sustainability, political and trade forces, intellectual property and other legal forces, the international and monetary system and financial forces. All of these forces are things that influence Samsung Co. On a daily basis. Along with these forces, Samsung is also tasked by ethical issues that come imposed on almost every international country. These forces are some of the founding forces that international businesses are built on and effected by on a daily basis.Calculators Forces The first of the forces covered is the calculators force. In order to understand what Calculators Forces are, we must understand what calculators is. The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes calculators as a combination of social and ultra factors. (â€Å"Calculators. † Merriam-Webster. ) Dictionary. Com defines it as, â€Å"the combination or interaction of social and cultural factors†. (â€Å"Calculators. † Dictionary. Com) From these two definitions social and cultural are the two big factors. Are hundreds of different ways to define culture, and it's a very broad term.The book, International Business, lays down some good fundamentals about what culture is. The first point that International Business says about culture, is that it is learned, and not born with. This means that Just because you're born somewhere, soonest necessarily mean you will adapt to the culture, but spending a lot of time around people who are immersed in the culture will allow you to adapt to it. This can be a major benefit or drawback. It does allow people to move to new areas of t he world and eventually adapt to their culture, but it can take a lot of time and energy.The second point is that different parts of culture are interrelated. This second is more of a logical relation of culture, it's basically defining that you can't have some parts of culture without others. The third major point that is outlined is that â€Å"culture s shared, patterned and mutually constructed through social interactions†. (Ball, Donald). This point is very interesting, and what defines culture. Throughout the world we see many different cultures, influenced by religion, and regions, and we can see how some cultures have greatly impacted other parts of the world and their culture.Because culture is shared through social interactions, we can actually start to see a lot blending of cultures through the internet. Through the article Blending Cultures via Computer in The International Journal of New Media, it discusses the lending of European art and culture blending into par ts of Chinese Contemporary artists. Without the social interactions through online sources, this is something that would have never been possible. The last major point that is made by International Business, is that culture defines the boundaries of different groups.An example made in that book is how Americans are clock-watchers. A lot of cultures don't follow a similar pattern, and it makes Americans seem to always be in a rush. This makes them appear unfriendly, arrogant, and untrustworthy, because it's not something that's globally accepted. Another interesting point on this topic is how culture varies so much even within a single country itself, and can even vary inside small areas. The best example of this that is very well known, is how people in the younger generation from the bay area in California are known for saying â€Å"hell†.This is something that's only sprung up within the last few years, but is very common in that culture, and saying it outside of even the b ay area of California allows people to determine where you're from very quickly. A huge part of socio-cultural is the constantly changing of customers preference. Samsung was able to capitalize on one of these changes not too long ago, and was able to help turn the phone industry upside down. Before 2007 Monika was the king of the cellular industry, and had complete market dominance, until apple stepped on the scene which completely changed the phone market.They added in a whole new experience to the phone market. † The hysteria surrounding the phone made Samsung sit up and take notice†( Bandit, Rural) Samsung had a share in the phone market, and capitalized on the trend that apple started. They were able to acquire a contract with Google's operating system, android. Monika refused to adapt to the trend, and Samsung was able to take the leap and Jump ahead of Monika in 2011 as the largest market share of mobile devices.The article How Does Socio-cultural Environment Impa ct a Business sums up Samsung success greatly, † Samsung, the minnow when Monika was the shark, is now the largest handset manufacturer in the world, and in the process, has outdone Apple's phone, which many consider to be the innovation on which most modern smartness are modeled. † (Bandit, Rural) Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability. The second major force is natural resources and environmental sustainability. This force can be split into the two different sections of natural resources, and environmental sustainability.Along with those two different sections there is geography which plays a semi-significant part on this force, and also Porter's Diamond to help analyze competitive advantage. Geography has a lot of possible effects on a company. Google gives a great definition of geography, stating that it's â€Å"the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. † (Natural Resources – Google Search) Geography is very broad, and covers everything from topography of a region to climate.These things can have a large impact on how a country defines itself. Mountains can separate a entire section of a country from the rest, thus leading them to having distinct cultures, industries and climate. It can even lead to boundaries such as deserts or forests that act as barriers between two separate regions. (Ball, Donald) These barriers cause different needs based on the area, even though they may simply be in the same country. Porters Diamond helps analyze businesses based on four aspects of a country's economic environment.The four conditions the assessment is based off of are; factor conditions; related and supporting industries; demand conditions; and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Porters Diamond from assess the business with a high emphasis on the countries geographical attributes as a core part of its factors, and those with the most favorable diamonds are going to be the most successful. (Ball, Donald) ( Michael E. Porter) Natural Resources play a huge factor into the economic viability of a company, and owe and where a company can be successful.Google does well defining natural resources as â€Å"materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain. † (Non-renewable Resource. † Wisped) In the book, International Business it puts a lot of emphasis on the statement that natural resources are anything that's supplied by nature which people depend on. This book also relates that both energy and unfelt minerals play an important role to business. Energy is used daily without a though, but is a very valuable natural resource, if not the most valuable..There are two major types of energy, renewable, and nonrenewable. A non renewable energy resource â €Å"is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames. â€Å"( â€Å"Renewable Energy. † Wisped) Some examples of nonrenewable energy resources are petroleum, coal, and natural gas. A renewable energy resource â€Å"generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale. † (8) Some examples of renewable energy resources sunlight, wind, rain, waves, and geothermal heat.Environmental Sustainability in business has three characteristics that are widely agreed upon; limits, interdependence, and equity. (Ball, Donald) The first of these three characteristics is limits. Limits is a basic term to serve as a reminder on the reality that environment resources are exhaustible, and that they can become toxic. The previous trend of global warming or global climate change is a great example of a limit, and how it's being impacted. The second characte ristic is interdependence. Interdependence is defined as the relationship between ecological, social, and economic systems. Ball, Donald). This book goes on to define that an effect in one these systems will affect the other two. The last characteristic is equity. Equity is essentially applying limits to interdependence. In order of Interdependence to work, there cannot be large differences in the distribution gains. This essentially means that it isn't viable to go into an area and take extreme profits without eventual resistance. Samsung is a company that takes its social responsibility, environmental responsibility, and sustainability incredibly seriously.In 2013 Samsung released its 2 page sustainability report, regarding topics such as: â€Å"Creating Shared Value and Giving Back with Samsung Products, Social Responsibility: Making Contributions around the Globe, Echo Product, Water Management, and a 50 page green/echo product environmental report† (â€Å"Samsung â€⠀œ Global Harmony. † Www. Samsung. Com) Directly from Samsung engineering website, this is their vision, † Samsung Engineering seeks to improve conditions around the world through our social contribution programs.Company-wide, we utilize our strengths and resources to benefit local communities and help children and families in need. Individually, our employees are encouraged to take part in the many volunteer programs offered by the company. † Since 2006 Samsung has been trying to enhance their energy efficiency, and respectability in their production. They've even implemented a â€Å"Echo-Design Process† to evaluate the echo-friendless of each new product during the development stage. † . In 2012, the company set up comprehensive water conservation plans and expanded its efforts to reduce the consumption of water resources around the world. (â€Å"Samsung – Global Harmony. † Www. Samsung. Com) Samsung has not taken being a leader in loba r technology lightly, they're fully applying a lot pressure to help with the sustainability of their resources, and other resources around the globe. Helping many charities and different organizations to try to help sustain our planet and keep their business profitable. Political and Trade Forces Political and trade forces are Just as important in any country as its culture and environment. This is because of the major impacts that governments can have on firms.A hospitable and stable government can encourage investment and growth despite geographic or weather barriers, or even the scarcity of natural resources. The exact opposite is true as well. A hostile or unstable government can completely kill of almost any possible investments in an area, regardless of the area's natural resources of geography. Some of the major points in the political and trade forces are government stability, and trade restrictions. Government stability can have a huge impact on business.When government sta bility is defined, there are two different possible definitions. Government stability can be defined as the government's ability to maintain itself and stay in power, or it can be defined as the permanence of the government's policies. Ball, Donald) A business is able to be at its most prosperous when the government is able to keep both of these definitions intact. â€Å"Instability on the other hand is when a government cannot maintain itself in power or makes sudden, unpredictable, or radical policy changes.It is hard for business to flourish when government is unstable. † (Ball, Donald) Business can operate under almost any set of rules and restrictions, though some are much more difficult to operate under than others. The biggest issue is when government policies are constantly changing. The reason this is difficult is cause frequent changes cause business difficulties when complying to rules and regulations. This can cause business to have to change their business models or how they operate almost overnight. With changing policies it can potentially grind some firms too halt.Trade restrictions can be one of the biggest problems when operating an international firm. There are a lot of arguments for trade restrictions such as: national defense, sanctions to punish offending nations, protect infant industry, protect domestic Jobs from cheap foreign labor, scientific tariff or fair competition, retaliation, dumping and subsidies. Some of these have a much higher impact than others, but all of these are great arguments towards trade restriction. One of the best of these arguments stems from developing nations requesting barriers on imports of competing products.This allows the developing country to sustain itself and build up it's on infrastructure while developing products that might be common place elsewhere. The argument is that a new industry needs time develop and gain experience before being forced to compete with worldwide competition. Another go od argument is the national defense argument. This argument basically requests hat there are trade restrictions on certain industry imports, and that they're vital for security, and must be kept operating even though they are not competitive with the foreign suppliers. Ball, Donald) The reason for these vital industries are so that during times of immediate war a country wouldn't suffer from unnecessary problems because they're not able to have the proper defense equipment. This could range from guns and tanks, to as simple as shoes. Having an insufficient supply of footwear at times of war can cause a lack of shoes for civilians and soldiers which can lead to unnecessary casualties. These trade restrictions arguments all raise their own valid points and each have their own benefits and negativisms.Ever since the introduction of Samsung smartness they have been in legal battles all over the world with Apple trying to make it legal for them to sell their phones, and not be infringing on copy right laws. Almost every country has had their own legal battle with Samsung and apple with new ones emerging every day. With Samsung being based on South Korea they were able to have a lot of political influence there. In the article , Korea Fair Trade Commission clears Samsung use of tankard-essential patents against Apple, it refers to how Samsung used its power in Korea to basically influence these decisions.With Samsung being a massive part of Koreans market they were able to get their essentials patents against Apple cleared allowing them to continue operation as usual. (â€Å"SAMSUNG ENGINEERING. † Samsung Engineering) Intellectual Property and Other Legal Forces The fourth of the international environmental forces is intellectual property and other legal forces. The best way to sum up this section is given by, International Business, saying â€Å"International business is affected by many thousands of laws and isolations issued by states, nations, and intern ational organizations. The reason this is a really outstanding summary is because not only are international businesses subject to the laws of the countries they operate in, but also the states and even cities they are based in. The other few main points of this section include international legal forces, international dispute settlement, and intellectual property. International legal forces are governed by international laws. International laws can be divided into two subcategories, public international law and private international law.Public international law can be defined as the relations between governments, including laws concerning diplomatic relations and all matters and obligations of those nations. (Ball, Donald) Private international law are the laws concerning the transactions of individuals and companies crossing international borders. (â€Å"Private International Law. † U. S. Department of State) International laws come from several different sources, but the m ain and most important of these are treaties between nations. Ball, Donald) A treaty is basically an agreement under international law, and can also be known as â€Å"an agreement, protocol, covenant, invention, pact, or exchange of letters, and all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same† (â€Å"Treaty. † Wisped) Some International organizations have been created to provide a forum to help create treaties between different countries. A few examples of these would the United Nations or the European Union.Handling international laws are great, but without being able to enforce them they lead nowhere, this is where international dispute settlement comes in. Litigation is the process conducted in order to determine and enforce legal rights, this is essentially the investigation process behind laws such as international treaties. This process can be incredibly complicated and expensive, and in additi on to the trial itself the process can require a pretrial. A pretrial is essentially an pre investigation which requires all facts and relevant information to the litigation from both sides to come forth. Ball, Donald) The other part of international dispute settlement is arbitration. Arbitration is a process agreed to by both parties that instead of going to court, they will attend a neutral person or party the makes a binding decision. Legal Dictionary gives a great summary of arbitration, saying † Arbitration is a well- established and widely used means to end disputes. It is one of several kinds of Alternative Dispute Resolution, which provide parties to a controversy with a choice other than litigation.Unlike litigation, arbitration takes place out of court: the two sides select an impartial third party, known as an arbitrator; agree in advance to comply with the arbitrator's award; and then participate in a hearing at which both sides can present evidence and testimony. The arbitrator's decision is usually final, and courts rarely reexamine it. (10) Intellectual property encompasses many different exclusive manufacturing rights. These are patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, each which have their own separate meaning and purpose.A patent in the United States is defined as, â€Å"an intellectual property right granted by the Government of the United States of America to an inventor â€Å"to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States† for a limited time in exchange for public disclosure of the invention when the patent is granted. (11) A trademark or trade name can be defined as, â€Å"A shape, a color, design, catchy phrase, abbreviation, or sound used by merchants or manufacturers to designate and differentiate their products. (Ball, Donald) A copy right is, â€Å"Exclusive legal rights of authors, composers, creator s of software, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and dispose of their works† and are protected under the Berne Convention of 1886 which is adhered to by 164 countries. (Ball, Donald) Possibly one of the biggest legal battles regarding intellectual property in history is a battle still being fought today. That battle is Apple Inc v. Samsung Electronics Co. These cases are strictly regarding the design of smartness and tablets.The spring of 2011 apple began litigation over several patent infringements by Samsung. (United States District Court) Eventually the litigation opened up to 19 different cases spanning across ten different countries. (Liableness, Chloe) A basic summary of this case is that apple patented the shape of its phone and the color design and layout of its SO right before the release of the first Phone in 2007. In 2011 Apple opened up some cases against Samsung referring to Samsung breaking patents, trademarks, ND the use of its style over multiple devices. (â€Å"Apple Inc. . Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. † Wisped. ) After a few months in dispute apple submitted evidence of side by side comparison between an phone and a specific galaxy model. This evidence turned out to be tampered with which lead to even further investigation. (Liableness, Chloe) Since the cases were opened, there have been multiple trials and appeals. This has lead to some countries fully banning Samsung products, and countries punishing Apple forcing them to essentially pay to Samsung for slandering their name. (â€Å"Apple Inc. V. Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. Wisped. ) International Monetary Arrangements and Terrorism International monetary system and terrorism have a large impact on how some international businesses are able to operate. One of the major factors in the international monetary system is Foreign Exchange. The reason why this is a large factory is because most corporations like to do business in their own currency, because then the y don't have to assume the risk that can come with currency exchange. (Ball, Donald). This is prevalent because it can cause major problems when converting to other currencies.Samsung being one of the world largest manufacturers and suppliers of electronics faces themselves working with many different currency on a daily basis. Being the largest Smartened supplier in the world they deal with a large amount of exchanges. This is because some of their phone parts are produced in different nations, and then sold in almost of every country around the world. Ethical Issue One of the probably the biggest ethical issues faced before Samsung is the entire child labor debacle in 2012. In 2012 Samsung was investigated for using illegal labor practices in their Chinese manufacturing facilities.The claims against Samsung were that in some cases were that employees were working 16 hour days, and also that some employees were under the legal working age of 16 years old. (windcheaters. Com) After the investigations were complete Samsung was found guilty of these practices, but that they were not the ones responsible for these practices. They were able to essentially cover their tracks in these cases and switch a majority of the blame. (Grandson, Odin) Samsung probably didn't portray Christian values in this situation, as they were not respecting the laws in that country.This is finitely a large issue in the manufacturing process, as it is able to provide cheap labor for their company. Conclusion Samsung is an international company that is effected by the different international force of business on a daily basis. These forces determine everything from where and when to sell products, how to ship, where to manufacture a long with a multitude of other things. Samsung is also faced with ethical issues. Through the thick and thin Samsung has been able to use these forces to put themselves at the head of the pack becoming a leader in international electronic manufacturing. Forces in International Business Introduction McDonald’s is a corporation from the United States that has done a great deal of business internationally for many years, and is well-known globally. McDonald’s is listed at number 378 on Fortune’s Global 500 list, and brought in over $22 billion in revenues in 2010. Sociocultural Forces Sociocultural forces include the different aspects of understanding that exist in one culture in comparison to another. These aspects include aesthetics, religion, language, education, etc.It is important to remember that culture is not something that is innate to specific persons, but is rather something that is learned through experiencing the culture. Along those lines, culture is also shared between all of the members of the culture, and all aspects of it are interrelated. In fact, group boundaries are caused by culture and set persons feeling towards different actions. The concept that one’s own culture is better than another is called ethnocentrism. Natu ral Resources and Environmental SustainabilityThe second force encompasses natural resources and environmental sustainability. Natural resources are based upon location within the world and advantages that these resources give a nation relative to the rest of the world. Some of these resources are limited, and over time if taken into account can become depleted or cause harm to the environment in another way. The concern for the sustainability of these resources should be of some concern to businesses operating internationally because it affects their decisions and the decisions of those they are negotiating with as well.Economic and Socioeconomic Forces Economic and socioeconomic forces also play parts as forces that affect different countries. The economic forces include different levels of economic development; including developed, developing, and newly industrialized countries/economies. Socioeconomics affect the economies of different countries and regions individually based on their own social norms. Power levels can be defined by the strength of the economy that either a country or a business has as well.This concept is also intertwined with the concept of exchange rates. Political Forces Political forces affect countries and businesses as well. Some political forces include nationalism, national or international conflicts, international organizations, and types of governments such as: communism, socialism, and capitalism. Whether a country is conservative or liberal can also play a part in the politics of a region. Political forces spill into the international legal system too which makes them of great concern to businesses.A major part of political forces in regards to business is trade restrictions or tariffs which cost the business more money to export or boycott their business altogether. Intellectual Property and Other Legal Forces International business can be influenced by concepts of intellectual property and other legal forces as well. One maj or legal force that can influence a business’s decisions is international law. International law is divided into both public and private laws. Public international law revolves around relations between governments including the rights and obligations of sovereign nations.Private international law lords over the transactions made by individuals and companies in regards to international borders. Intellectual property comes from a person or company’s intellect, and these ideas are protected by laws which include the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. Financial Forces and the International Monetary System Financial forces including the international monetary system which contains financial institutions, agreements, rules, and processes play a major part in the decisions that businesses make in regards to international markets.The value of a country’s currency as well as the exchange rates relative to either their floating currency or their be ing on the gold standard is a huge factor to consider as a business negotiating across borders. Most businesses will hedge their investments in order to protect themselves from losing money due to constantly changing rates of exchange. Labor Forces Finally, the seventh force affecting international business has to do with labor. Classifications such as size and average age of a workforce, as well s unemployment rates, all affect the manner in which an international business reacts to its current and potential workforce. A major issue making its mark on the global economy right now is brain drain, which causes the skilled workers of a developing country to migrate for greater professional and economic reasons. All of these forces must be taken into account when involved internationally as business. McDonald’s Cultural Forces In the book Golden Arches East, the author discusses how when McDonald’s moved their business into the Far East, they were forced to reevaluate the culture there.In Japan especially, the idea that America exists in a class of its own is a type of fantasy that prevails in the fondest thoughts of those who consider it. For Japan, McDonald’s is a symbol of this fantastic culture, and brings in many customers because of this (especially from the younger population). â€Å"From the perspective of the ‘civilizing process’ McDonald’s†¦[has]†¦helped to create an entirely new concept of manners. † (p. 181) says Watson (1997). Through the introduction of fast food into the culture, McDonald’s has introduced an entirely new concept of manners to this culture.The book also discusses how the high amount of rice in the diet there also affected their business decisions. Watson (1997) states, â€Å"’McDonald’s’ has gained ample recognition among Japanese consumers. However, our image is that of a light-meal restaurant for young people. We are not regarded as a place for adults to have dinner. † (p. 164) McDonald’s is not a fast-food restaurant there as it is in the US, but rather a trendy place to get a snack. McDonald’s and the Environment McDonald’s Economic ForcesWages paid to citizens of European countries have a high ratio of variability, and therefore McDonald’s had to adjust their pricing and payment strategies when they entered the European market. (Royle, 2000, p. 158). Royle states, â€Å"[U]nions [in Germany] had to accept the possibility of even lower wage† (p. 158). In addition, executives in many European countries were hired for just a â€Å"fistful of dollars† (Royle, 2000, p. 165). The pricing systems for their menus had to be adjusted based on the expectations that the economy had for them as well.This caused a serious change which McDonald’s had to adjust to in order to achieve success in this new environment (Royle, 2000, p. 167-169). McDonald’s Political Forces Polit ics also holds a great deal of power over wages paid in each country McDonald’s moves its business into. Royle talks about different wages that are required by governments in European countries, â€Å"†¦for example, in addition to the basic Danish kroner per hour, workers receive an additional DKr 9. 15 per hour for any hours worked during Monday to Friday between 6:00 p. m. nd midnight† (p. 163). There are several other stipulations on payment that are made by law that Royle lists throughout the rest of the chapter. In addition, McDonald’s is constantly under fire from several interest groups who are trying to make sure that McDonald’s uses humanely raised and slaughtered animals from suppliers that have shown concern about this. This is another political pressure that concerns McDonald’s as they attempt to meet the cultural standards for the ethical treatment of animals. McDonald’s Legal Forces McDonald’s Financial ForcesMcDona ld’s Labor Forces McDonald’s has a massive workforce worldwide which it uses to expand and maintain its numerous international ventures. Hamburger University is a training program used specifically to train new leaders for the McDonald’s workforce. At a location in Shanghai, China, admission is a competitive opportunity. â€Å"[M]ore than 26 percent of China’s 6. 3 million college graduates were unemployed as of July 1† (Wei, 2011), this means that McDonald’s is able to choose who they want to apprentice at Hamburger University.McDonald’s hopes to grow from 1,300 stores to 2,000 in China by 2013 (Wei, 2011), and Hamburger University will be a major part of meeting the labor requirements for that goal. References Adams, C. (2007). Reframing the Obesity Debate: McDonald’s Role May Surprise You. Journal of Law, Business, & Ethics, 35(1), 154-157. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1748-720X. 2007. 00120. x Ball, D. , Geringer, M. , Minor, M. , & Mc Nett, J. (2009). International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Royle, T. (2000). Working for McDonald’s in Europe: Unequal Struggle?.London: Routledge. Watson, J. L. (1997). Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Wei, M. (2011). Hamburger University Shanghai is Sizzling. Business Week. Retrieved from http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/11_06/b42140224816 05. htm http://site. ebrary. com/lib/calbaptist/docDetail. action? docID=10130868 http://site. ebrary. com/lib/calbaptist/docDetail. action? docID=10093669 http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/11_06/b4214022481605. htm http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? id=21&sid=4dbd75e7-4603-4bc6-b27f-659024024242%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bsh&AN=6548577 http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=21&sid=1689342b-eff5-4b11-bd46-334cdb6d982f%40sessionmgr4&vid=2 http:/ /web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=21&sid=0d1c68a6-c38a-433c-b083-e62eeb6477a2%40sessionmgr15&vid=2 http://libproxy. calbaptist. edu:2078/ehost/detail? vid=14&hid=19&sid=76bace0c-5005-49d0-bae3-8988a91b1f5e%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=24181440 Reframing the Obesity Debate: McDonald's Role May Surprise You.

Environmentalism as a Religion Essay Example

Environmentalism as a Religion Essay Example Environmentalism as a Religion Paper Environmentalism as a Religion Paper I agree Robins opinion. Like religion, environmentalism has difference tribe, environmentalist like a missionary, environmentalism and religion both have food taboos and they also both no logical bases. In todays world have many kinds of religions, and environmentalism also has difference tribe, we may hear some difference sound form environmentalist. Rubin says, Original religions were tribal rather than universal. Each tribe had its own god or gods, and the success of the tribe was evidence that their god was stronger than He means every tribal both thinks their god is stronger. Like religions have difference tribe, environmentalists also have many kinds of tribe, some people says protect environment need protect our forest, some people says protect environment we need saving using water and power Everyone have difference opinions, and everyone think their own opinion is the best one. For example, in many counties have lights off for one hour activity. Some environmentalist agree this activity, they think this activity can increase peoples environmental awareness and we can use one hour savings power to do many things. But there have another environmentalist disagree this activity, they thinks lights off for one hour havent effect. And not only havent effect, but also is a burden on supplying power. We cant absolute say which one is right. Its because their opinion all right. Ifs like religions own god, and in every tribes eyes their god is stronger. Butte still cant say which god stronger. Think environmentalist like a missionary. Rubin says, environmentalism is a proselytizing religion(400). Environmentalist and missionary both persuade people to do something. Everyone knows missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism, and help people build a belief. Environmentalist also is other kinds of missionary. Environmentalist is a member of an environmental protection group, they tell us need protect environment. Environmentalist and missionary both publicity their own opinion and gets other peoples agree. Missionary tell us in this world have heaven and hell. If you do better things, and youre a good person, after you died you will have chance go to heaven, if you do more bad things, you will go to hell. God will help you and God is with you. Missionary give us a hope. Environmentalist tells us, the earth is our unique home, and we must take care of it. If we protect earth, we will get a better environment, we can live more happiness. But if we dont protect earth, we will face more and more environment problem, global warming intensifies, glaciers melt and forests reduced. We can live in earth. So, if we protect environment, it will be better. Environmentalist also gives people a hope. Rubin says, There are food taboos. Instead of eating fish on Friday, or avoiding pork, Greens now eat organic foods and many are moving towards eating only locally grown He means environmentalism like religion also has food taboos. Animals protect is a kind of environment protect. Because if we dont protect animals, it will lead many mind of animals become extinct. Every existent thing has a cause. We can break ecological balance. If we break ecological balance, finally will affect environment. People and animals need co-exist harmoniously. I often received some leaflets about tell us less meat, we need protect animals, and animal is our friend. Christian and Buddhism advocate all living things equality. Human and animals have equality status. And Buddhists even just eat vegetable; they dont eat any meat at all time. Islam also doesnt eat pork. So, religion and environmentalism will have same effect for protect animals. Environmentalism is a special religion. Religion has belief. Rubin says, Belief systems are embraced with no logical Christians belief is believe God; Buddhism belief is all living things equality. But God is it really exists? We cant say yes or no, because we cant testify it. And everything is it really equality? Dont thing so, if really equality that will havent rich or poor. So belief systems are no logical basis, we cant use normal way to things this problem. Environmentalism also has belief that is protect environment. Rubin says, Environmentalists almost universally believe in the dangers of global arming but also reject the best solution to the problem, which is nuclear power'(400). Environmentalist has their own belief, they believe they can protect environment, but they do not want use the best way. Maybe many people cant have a relation between environmentalism and religion. But really have relation, and they have many same characteristic. So, I want say environmentalism is a special religion. Works cited Rubin, Paul H. Environmentalism as religion. Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. 12th deed. Deed. Laurie G. Kerosene and Stephen R. Mandela. Boston: Bedford, 2012. 399-401. Ring. Rubin says, There are food taboos.

A by John Updike Essays

A by John Updike Essays A by John Updike Paper A by John Updike Paper Hes very conversational and readers get the impression that hes a greased-up wise guy with an elbow on the jukebox and a toothpick in his mouth. This lackadaisical nature fully encapsulates who Sammy truly is. Update first shows this casual tone in his first two sentences, writing, In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits. Im in the third check-out slot, with my back to the door, so dont see them until theyre over by the bread, (Update). Update doesnt sound, in this instance, like a stuffy, eloquent Harvard grad writing a serious piece to serious-minded readers. He sounds like a guy telling a story about girls to his friend over a couple of beers. He consciously employs this tone in order to strike an appropriate chord with his audience. Update wants his readers to realize that Sammy is a cool, easygoing, nonchalant guy who doesnt belong cooped up in some hot grocery store on a summer afternoon. He belongs at the beach, with his friends, hanging out in the sun and just enjoying himself. Thats all he yearns for, and this casual tone really brings that home to readers. It is quite apparent from this casual tone that Sammy wants freedom, and his jealousy towards these girls inspires him to take action to bring this goal to fruition. Similarly, Update uses cavalier diction in a manner that compliments and highlights the casual tone. Sammy is not a polished gentleman, by any trench. In a pretty blatantly sexist fashion, he describes one of the girls he sees in a bathing suit: She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can with those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit, at the top Of the backs Of her legs, (Update). With these remarks Update gives away that Sammy is nothing but an ignorant buffoon, an imbecile, who most likely acts on impulse and innate instinct. He isnt Voltaire. All he wants, in a small-minded sort of way, is to just be free of the same, monotonous, routine he goes through working at this AP, and sees clearly jealous of those who have gotten what he wants. Again, Updates use of this cavalier, brusque diction is actually quite calculated and serves a great purpose in the long run of this story. Update indicates that Sammy diction proves that, like a primate, he doesnt think things through and only acts on instinct. Like a child who only wants the toy he is told cant have, he is jealous of these girls who waltz into the grocery store, totally liberated. Update demonstrates again that Sammy is entranced by the bikini-clad girls, but again through offhand diction: l increase the bill, tenderly as you may imagine, it just having come from between the two smoothest scoops of vanilla had ever known were there, (Update). However, Update brings this story full circle by showing that Sammy abrupt quitting of his job was a mistake: Sammy is technically free, sure, but it is a decision he instantly regrets as he finds he is also free to fail. He laments his decision and in the last sentence of this short story, Update writes, His face was dark gray and his back stiff, as if hed just had an injection of iron, and my stomach kind Of fell as felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter, (Update). Sammy immediately realizes that the grass is not greener on the other side, and that acting on his jealousy and impulse has led him astray. The thought of freedom, freedom from that AP prison, is ministering, but he sees the negative effects of his actions. Update gives his audience some insight into Sammy thought process through the use of his ironically cavalier, unceremonious diction: Sammy is not wise and has no right to be haughty or crass: he is simply a fool. Through the use of another literary device, symbolism, Spike expresses Sammy innate human jealousy. The bathing suit worn by these girls are a symbol for freedom. Sammy remarks on how out-of-place these bathing suits are: Our town is five miles from a beach, with a big summer colony out on the Point, but were right in the middle of town, and the women generally put on a shirt or shorts or something before they get out of the car into the street Lets not as if were on the Cape; were north of Boston and theres people in this town havent seen the ocean for twenty years, (Update). These girls are five whole miles from the nearest beach. Its not as if they just walked over to the deli right across the street. Even then, it is only customary to cover up a little bit.

Infographic Best Practices How to Make Yours More Successful

Infographic Best Practices How to Make Yours More Successful All too often, an agency or team will spend weeks coming up with a solid concept, crafting compelling copy, and drawing up stunning designs for their infographic†¦ only for it to fall flat when it’s finally ready to be shown to the world. Why? Did they misjudge their audience’s interest in the topic? Did they miss a step in the process of bringing an infographic to life? Did they bully Zuckerberg as a child, leading to Facebook’s algorithm being specifically devoted to pushing their content to the bottom? If you’ve got a story worth telling, then it’s worth being shown to the world. At Lemonly, we believe one of the best ways to tick both boxes is with a brilliant blend of copy and design that makes the abstract actionable, the boring brilliant, and the complex concise: an infographic. Your content’s performance involves a number of variables, of course, but the fact of the matter is this: a finished piece of content is only the first step in the ever-evolving process of content marketing. If nobody sees your stuff, does it really matter how insightful or aesthetically pleasing it is? And besides, everybody’s busy. Creating content that goes nowhere isn’t in the best interest of anyone’s time. Any good content marketing team should go into every project with a plan for posting and promoting their pieces online - here’s our three-step suggestion. How to Make Your Infographics More Successful With the Right Best Practices by @lemonly viaBonus Checklist: How to Make Infographic in 7 Steps This post is packed with advice on creating infographics the right way. But, how do you actually follow a process to create a single infographic? Follow this guide created by s own design extraordinaire, Ashton Hauff.Follow this infographic design checklist to make sure every one you create gets done right.Step 1: Nail Your Infographic Copy + Design The first step might seem a little obvious, but it’s an important one across the content board. If you’re going to get in the game, jump in head-first. With as many channels as are competing for consumers’ attention, the highest quality work will always rise to the top. Putting out consistent, quality content establishes a good reputation that will keep people coming back for more. Call us biased, but we’ve found infographics to be hugely successful when it comes to explaining a process, spreading the word about a new discovery, suggesting a solution, or simply telling a story. Infographics combine data visualization with attractive illustrations to form a quick, easy-to-read piece of content that can do some serious heavy lifting. Though they can be animated, static, or interactive, and can fit into nearly any form factor, the best infographics cover the same key bases. Even if you’re not an Adobe master, keeping these in mind will lead to a strong infographic that’s well on its way to garnering big engagement for your brand. Recommended Reading: How to Make an Infographic in 7 Easy Steps Start With a Thesis Great infographics immediately answer â€Å"What’s the point?† After all, you’re not just expressing your artistic side. Decide what you want your audience to take away once they close your window, and stick to it. Trying to do too much can water down your main point. Add Clear, Concise Copy Much like the piece as a whole, having a plan makes writing compelling copy much more simple. Start with an outline that lays out your thesis and supports it with a few key points, then research your topic and add statistics to and other evidence that backs up your claims. Outlines help you keep your information structured and cut down on that intimidating feeling of staring down a blank Word document. It’s a good idea to stick to the â€Å"need-to-knows† - too much fluff and you’ll lose your audience.

Textual Analysis on the book of The Parable of the Sower by Octavia Research Paper - 1

Textual Analysis on the book of The Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler - Research Paper Example Many critics claim that dystopian novels set in the future are not really about the author’s idea of the future, but instead are deliberately exaggerated stories about what the author thinks is wrong with the world of his or her present. With this in mind, it is easy to see that Butler was writing not about the year 2024, but about the year 1993. In The Parable of the Sower, it’s easy to see the fears and problems represented that were prevalent in American society in the early 1990s. Huge corporations exploiting increasingly powerless workers, an epidemic of crack addiction among the inner-city poor, race riots triggered by police brutality, and a new public discourse about rape dominated the news of the day. Crime—particularly violent inner-city crime and gang-related crime—had been extremely high in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The change that the main character, Lauren, preaches about is really the change that Octavia Butler wished to see in her own society. The basis for the Earthseed philosophy that Lauren tries to spread is that the only god is change, and people can create the change they want to see if they understand that they are able to do it. The people who don’t know they can create change, or those who fear change, will eventually become victims of it. In Lauren’s world, the problems of the late twentieth century United States have grown so severe that they make life essentially unlivable for impoverished people. Problems that were once thought of as only urban issues have moved out into rural areas. It’s the extreme nature of these problems that forces the change to happen. If Lauren had lived in a slightly safer or more stable situation; if she had been able to stay safely in her home, or if she’d had a loving family alive to keep her there, she would never have tried to travel north and gather followers for her new religion. Instead she might have lived quietly and never shared her ideas with

How Does McDonald Promotions and advertising affect their sales Coursework

How Does McDonald Promotions and advertising affect their sales - Coursework Example Research context A clear definition and formulation of research context is necessary as it helps in organising research efforts and ensures optimum utilisation of research process. In other words, research context lays down physical setting and environment in which research study will be undertaken. At many instances, research context is also termed and understood in terms of ‘experimental conditions’ or ‘study environment’. The underlying research study will be located and conducted in the context of national business. It is due to reason that McDonald’s is a national business as compared to regional or local business firm. In addition, underlying research study will pursue and operate in a hypothetical study environment or research context. The hypothetical study environment will be utilised to assess, determine, and prove whether advertisement and promotions affect the sales of McDonald’s or not. The assessment of the impact will help in ide ntifying whether formulated hypothesis is profound and acceptable in the present business setting or it is no longer valid and profound in today’s business world (Simchi-levi & Kaminsky 2003). ... The research study will throw light on the role that marketing and its tool can play in enhancing business position and sales potentialities (Mckenzie-Mohr 2000). The significance of research study is evident from both academic and commercial perspective. From academic perspective, the underlying research will facilitate the path of understanding implications and role of marketing. On the other hand, business firms will gain deep insight, understanding and encouragement for implementing marketing in their business philosophies with the help of present research study. Literature review Literature review makes use of secondary sources like books, magazines, journals, research papers and many more to search, gather, test, and evaluate crucial findings and results. This practice of investigating and exploring topic helps in solving research problem and outlining new findings and results. Marketing mix Ruddick (2012) throws light on the marketing mix in order to ascertain impact of promot ion and advertising on McDonald’s sales. The author explains that marketing mix contain four elements viz., product, price, place and promotion. All the components of marketing mix are strive towards improving market positioning and profitability of company. Among the four components, promotion play more significant role as it create direct impact on the customers attitudes and perception. It has been identified that companies paying more attention towards sales promotion and advertising are more likely to emerge as a favourite brand and purchase choice among customers. In this regard, sales promotion and advertising are the most commonly used promotional tools. McDonald’s makes frequent and regular use of these promotional tools in order to gain favourable

Free Speech Coalition Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Free Speech Coalition - Case Study Example The government’s side argued that the law needed to prohibit virtual imaging of child pornography to protect minors from paedophiles. One of the rules under the First Amendment provides that a whole artistic work cannot be merited on the basis of one sexually explicit view. Accordingly, the work should be judged as a whole to determine its value. Essentially, pornography can only be prescribed if it is obscene and if it uses real children. In this case, therefore, the ban by the CPPA was invalid, since it barred the use of images that were neither obscene nor used actual children. In Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition 535 U.S. 2d, 403 (2002), the court held that the rights of adults access such speech could not be withdrawn in order to protect minors from such speech. The use of the phrases â€Å"appears to be† and â€Å"conveys the impression† is relative and depends on the interpretation of the court. The work of art must contain obscene content in speech presentation, for it to be banned. Considering Ferber’s standard, a ban on child pornography can only be upheld if production and sale of artistic work were â€Å"intrinsically related† to child abuse, by causing harm to the victim and leading to crime. Therefore, if a work of art causes harm to a child by making them prone to sexual acts, such a work will be banned, See id. at 13. The Supreme Court also overruled the argument advanced by the government stating that the ban on â€Å"virtual child pornography† was necessary to reduce cases of paedophiles seducing children. The standard for this ruling came from the First Amendment, Miller, and Ferber standards.

Tourism in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism in the UK - Essay Example l demand a look at the historical background of the sector such as through a personal experience at the Leeds Museum and a comparison with tourism in Saudi Arabia. Tourism according to White (2010, pp. 5) is the movement of people from an environment outside their usual place and travelling as well as staying in locations for the purpose of leisure, business among other activities. They may stay in that new environment for a day or longer. There are a lot of elements that are involved in tourism which include issues such as transportation whether by air, sea or land, accommodation such as in the hotels which will include not only bed but also food and drinks, the leisure areas as well as historic sites to visit among many other things. The tourism industry before 1980 was not so popular but it started picking up after that in not only UK but the whole of Europe. Visitors started coming in from other parts of the world mostly in the United States as well as other European nations, Asia and the Middle East. The trend continued to pick steadily leading to high economic growth up until the 2012 recession that rocked the world (Deloitte, 2013, pp. 19). However, due to the strong roots that had been already established, it bounced back as soon as the recession ended and is now as strong as ever. The growth in tourism has led to increase in employment in the UK as well as increasing the number of sustainable tourists. The fact that tourism visas to the UK have had lesser restrictions to acquire in many nations has been an added advantage to the growth of the tourism industry (Tourism Alliance, 2014, pp. 7). UK started growing its tourism sector by marketing its numerous historic sceneries and sites as well as buildings which caught the attention of most people in other nations of the world. With the easy access to tourist visa, many people started going to the nation. With time, the government and the private sector started expanding their hotels, proper maintenance of

Ivaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ivaluation - Essay Example When the storm happened, Calixta’s husband and son were in town while Alcee’s wife was away. Despite their marital status, they had this intense sexual relationship that they could not find in their spouses. This presented a very liberating idea of the author about adultery. How could sex and love be different? Was she trying to say that a person can be emotionally faithful and committed but physically not? If that was the case, then any married person who could not find sexual satisfaction from his/her partner could deliberately have sex with anyone as long as it was just physical contact and mere sex, and as long as you do not get caught as the part â€Å"the actual storm passed by without doing any real damage, leaving the city as it had been before the storm† (Pope, 2010). Therefore, adultery would just be a normal thing in the society. One can always justify that having sex is just an act of fulfilling his/her sexual needs with someone who can satisfy it if that person cannot find it from his/her own partner. What is the essence of marriage at this point? Moving on, another crucial issue in this story was femininity. First, the character of Calixta was described to be â€Å"unable to conform to the society’s standards of acceptable conduct† (M, 2012) especially in the 19th century setting. Symbolically, it goes with the issue of chastity as Calixta was a married woman which went favourably with Alcee. Looking closely at it, a sexually mutual relationship compromised the affair of the two main characters. Calixta had her sexual longing and desire as a woman beyond her role as a wife and mother. Her marriage was seemingly repressing her and having a passionate sexual encounter with Alcee released her from the pressures of her married life. Giving in to Alcee was not because of love for this man but for the love of herself. It was her human nature that she needed to satisfy. This part of characterization was very liberating although not in a vulgar way, yet it made a negative impression among women in a patriarchal society. Taking into account that women have their own needs, let us say that they have the right and the freedom to voice them out and seek for their satisfaction, at what extent should they attain it? It is just to cheat on their spouse just to fulfil the physical and sexual fantasy and longing? How can the society or the women themselves distinguish their feminine satisfaction from immorality? Contrary to the first two themes, marriage that was supposed to be of high moral was given a different treatment in the story. It set boundaries among the characters instead of giving them space to grow as different individuals. Calixta found pressure in her marriage having a husband described to be undependable. Alcee, on the other side, being far away from his wife did not have a spouse to answer his sexual passion. At the end of it all, the elements lacking in their marriage pushed them to cheat on their spouses. Dishonesty in a marital relationship is immoral and sinful, but in the story, the sexual bliss served as a therapy both for Calixta and Alcee to be kinder and sweeter to their spouses. Ironically, their so called hypocrisy seemed to help strengthen rather than destroying their individual marriages. Personally, one thing I noticed in this story was the act of

Thomas nagel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas nagel - Assignment Example The mental states include beliefs, pain, being, desires and others. The theory tends to look at what something does rather than what constitute them. An example is what makes a mousetrap is not the material but rather the function it plays in catching the mice. Functionalism theory separates the brain state from mind state and concentrates on the mind  to elaborate the function of material rather than what constitute it from the mind state. Functionalism theory tends to differentiate the mind state and brain state by concentrating on the roles of mental state or what these mental states cause that define mental state as oppose to general brain state. Functionalist shows that the mind state is different from the brain state and physical system from which it arises. Identity theory other hand, argues that the mind states are identical to the brain states which is a physical state. The identity theory argues that mind and brain states are the same thing. Identity theory suggests that any mind processes such as image formation are just the brain processes. Consciousness has derivation from the Latin words con that means ‘with’ and scire, which means ‘to know’. Hence, consciousness can perceive and know. Nagel argues that the materialism cannot conclusively account for conscious experience by referring to robots having functional state yet they do not experience consciousness. These automated materials also have an identity and fulfill all requirements for the functional state as noted by reductionist yet they do not have conscious experience in their functions. These automated machines always repeat designed commands that a human can change at any given time. From this point, Nagel sees no sense of defending materialism without showing consciousness of mental phenomena. In his bat view, a human being cannot know how it is like to be a bat due to limiting mind resources in imagination. Human imagination can only give an idea in how to behave like a bat.

Ivaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ivaluation - Essay Example When the storm happened, Calixta’s husband and son were in town while Alcee’s wife was away. Despite their marital status, they had this intense sexual relationship that they could not find in their spouses. This presented a very liberating idea of the author about adultery. How could sex and love be different? Was she trying to say that a person can be emotionally faithful and committed but physically not? If that was the case, then any married person who could not find sexual satisfaction from his/her partner could deliberately have sex with anyone as long as it was just physical contact and mere sex, and as long as you do not get caught as the part â€Å"the actual storm passed by without doing any real damage, leaving the city as it had been before the storm† (Pope, 2010). Therefore, adultery would just be a normal thing in the society. One can always justify that having sex is just an act of fulfilling his/her sexual needs with someone who can satisfy it if that person cannot find it from his/her own partner. What is the essence of marriage at this point? Moving on, another crucial issue in this story was femininity. First, the character of Calixta was described to be â€Å"unable to conform to the society’s standards of acceptable conduct† (M, 2012) especially in the 19th century setting. Symbolically, it goes with the issue of chastity as Calixta was a married woman which went favourably with Alcee. Looking closely at it, a sexually mutual relationship compromised the affair of the two main characters. Calixta had her sexual longing and desire as a woman beyond her role as a wife and mother. Her marriage was seemingly repressing her and having a passionate sexual encounter with Alcee released her from the pressures of her married life. Giving in to Alcee was not because of love for this man but for the love of herself. It was her human nature that she needed to satisfy. This part of characterization was very liberating although not in a vulgar way, yet it made a negative impression among women in a patriarchal society. Taking into account that women have their own needs, let us say that they have the right and the freedom to voice them out and seek for their satisfaction, at what extent should they attain it? It is just to cheat on their spouse just to fulfil the physical and sexual fantasy and longing? How can the society or the women themselves distinguish their feminine satisfaction from immorality? Contrary to the first two themes, marriage that was supposed to be of high moral was given a different treatment in the story. It set boundaries among the characters instead of giving them space to grow as different individuals. Calixta found pressure in her marriage having a husband described to be undependable. Alcee, on the other side, being far away from his wife did not have a spouse to answer his sexual passion. At the end of it all, the elements lacking in their marriage pushed them to cheat on their spouses. Dishonesty in a marital relationship is immoral and sinful, but in the story, the sexual bliss served as a therapy both for Calixta and Alcee to be kinder and sweeter to their spouses. Ironically, their so called hypocrisy seemed to help strengthen rather than destroying their individual marriages. Personally, one thing I noticed in this story was the act of

An Analysis of the CSR Strategies of Del Monte Kenya Limited Assignment

An Analysis of the CSR Strategies of Del Monte Kenya Limited - Assignment Example Business organisations that are socially responsible are supposed to incorporate environmental, economic, and social issues into their business operations. According to Deresky (2009), how to carry out business operations in a more socially responsible way in societies where violations of human rights are prevalent, where the environment is being destroyed or where conflict is pervasive, is one of the most difficult issues confronting business organisations nowadays. Although the company may be trying to achieve a justifiable goal, the strategies are not constantly justifiable, and, even if the strategies are justifiable, the consequences of the strategies may still be damaging or detrimental. This paper critically examines the CSR strategies of Del Monte Kenya Limited. The final section provides several recommendations to improve the company’s ethical and environmental credentials.CSR Strategies of Del Monte Kenya Limited How Del Monte Kenya Limited conducts business is justifiable in its dual goals (Bomann-Larsen & Wiggen, 2004, p. 165): (1) to produce first-class and finest pineapples; and (2) to generate profit. The first objective is a way of serving the people and society, and the second is the immediate outcome of any business venture. For its business operations the company requires massive areas of land, it has to boost production by using pesticides, and apparently it demands a huge number of labourers.

The Carbon Tax Reduces Negative Externalities And Pollution Economics Essay

The Carbon Tax Reduces Negative Externalities And Pollution Economics Essay Carbon tax will have an impact on the negative externalities and the environment in Australia. Most economists recommended the adoption of a carbon tax to achieve carbon emission reductions. They argued that the carbon tax costs lowest to reducing carbon among emission reduction policies. Carbon tax is known as a most efficiency measure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon tax is an environmental tax and also is a Pigovian tax. Generally basing the carbon content of coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil fuel, carbon tax is designed and levied according to the fixed tax rate. Carbon tax is a kind of consumption tax levied on fossil fuels (Jane Andrew, Mary A. Kaidonis, Brian Andrew, 2010). Carbon tax levy will raise the price of fossil energy products. The price increase will promote the economical use of resources. The prices of non-fossil energy become more competitive, and ultimately make the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon tax is conducive to promoting the in ternalization of the external negative effects with consumption of fossil fuels. With the interior of fuel costs and increasing the cost of energy, it is useful to achieve the objective of reducing energy consumption, and thus to control carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon tax could better serve to reduce pollutants, especially carbon dioxide emissions, but it also can solve the problem of negative externalities. The carbon tax can reduce pollution levels Introduce of a carbon tax can promote prices increase of fossil fuels and other energy-intensive products then to suppress fossil energy consumption, and thus to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and aims to reduce emissions of other pollutants. As Figure I shows, a carbon tax of fossil fuels buyers will increase the price buyers pay. Before the introduction of carbon tax, the equilibrium of fossil fuels is Q1 and the equilibrium of priceÂÂ  is P1. After introduce of a carbon tax, the price of fossil fuels will get rise. The demand of fossil fuels from firms and household will decrease, is represented by a leftward shift of the demand curve from D1 to D2. Hence, new equilibrium quantity and price decrease from Q0 to Q1 and P0 to P1, respectively. The increase of the demand of coffees will be shown by rightward shift of demand curve from D0 to D1 in Figure 1. Hence, new equilibrium of quantity and price will be established that the quantity increases from Q0 to Q1 and price increases from P0 to P1, respectively. Therefore, the introduce of a modest carbon tax is conducive to increasing cost of the high energy consuming enterprises and high-polluting businesses, inhibition of high energy consumption and high emission industries. Meanwhile, a carbon tax will help promote and encourage enterprises to explore and use of renewable energy, speed up the elimination of high energy consumption, backward technology with high emission, research, development and use of energy saving technology, which will certainly promote the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, reduce energy consumption and accelerate the development and application of energy saving technologies (Ram M. Shrestha and Charles O. P,1999). Essentially, the carbon emissions caused global warming is an externality problem. The so-called external effects refer to non-market effects which the producers or consumers bring to other people during the actual economic activities. The first theorem of Pigous welfare theories argued that in a fully competitive market, if there is no externality, and if there is no possible that market information is not sufficient, the result of market competition will be Pareto optimal. Conversely, if the market does not meet any of the full competition, no externalities, full information these three conditions, it will result in differences between individual cost and social cost (Annegrete Bruvoll and Bodil Merethe Larsen, 2004).. This difference is difficult or cost to eliminate itself in the market so it is difficult to reach to the Pareto optimal state. To eliminate the cost difference led up to the optimal Pareto improvement, he suggested the government should tax the polluters based on th e harm caused by pollution make up the gap between individual and social costs in the form of carbon tax. This action is helpful to let the producers transfer pollution emissions costs into the price of the product. This tax is also called Pigovian taxes. (Frank Scrimgeour, Les Oxley, Koli Fatai, 2005) From the above analysis, carbon tax would not only be able to promote polluters to reduce the negative externalities, it is also an incentive also for clean energy companies, so Pigou Tax is an important policy tool for policy makers to reduce carbon emissions( Lucas Skoufa and Rick Tamaschke, 2011). The purpose of a carbon tax is to reduce external diseconomies, achieve the internalization of external diseconomies and correct of market failure caused by loss of efficiency in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources. Carbon tax is actually a Pareto improvement , which would be an improvement and optimization of allocation of resources to the society as a whole to achieve a more efficient use of resources. Carbon tax can solve the external economy as well as to achieve Pareto optimal state. Conclusion Carbon tax can influence the price and quantities of fossil fuels demand, so it will helpful to reduce pollutants, especially carbon dioxide emissions. It is a good measure to Australia to protect the environment. Carbon tax also can reduce negative externalities.